if not scopes:
            scopes = {}
        flows = OAuthFlowsModel(
            password=cast(
                Any,
                {
                    "tokenUrl": tokenUrl,
                    "refreshUrl": refreshUrl,
                    "scopes": scopes,
                },
            )
        )
        super().__init__(
            flows=flows,
            scheme_name=scheme_name,

from fastapi.security import OAuth2, OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

reusable_oauth2 = OAuth2(
    flows={
        "password": {
            "tokenUrl": "token",
            "scopes": {"read:users": "Read the users", "write:users": "Create users"},
        }
    },
    auto_error=False,
)

                }
            }
        },
        "components": {
            "securitySchemes": {
                "OAuth2PasswordBearer": {
                    "type": "oauth2",
                    "flows": {"password": {"scopes": {}, "tokenUrl": "/token"}},
                    "description": "OAuth2PasswordBearer security scheme",
                }
            }
        },

    * HTTP Digest, usw.
* `oauth2`: Alle OAuth2-Methoden zum Umgang mit Sicherheit (genannt „Flows“).
    * Mehrere dieser Flows eignen sich zum Aufbau eines OAuth 2.0-Authentifizierungsanbieters (wie Google, Facebook, X (Twitter), GitHub usw.):
        * `implicit`
        * `clientCredentials`
        * `authorizationCode`

    * HTTP Digest, etc.
* `oauth2`: all the OAuth2 ways to handle security (called "flows").
    * Several of these flows are appropriate for building an OAuth 2.0 authentication provider (like Google, Facebook, X (Twitter), GitHub, etc):
        * `implicit`
        * `clientCredentials`
        * `authorizationCode`
    * But there is one specific "flow" that can be perfectly used for handling authentication in the same application directly:

                }
            }
        },
        "components": {
            "securitySchemes": {
                "OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer": {
                    "type": "oauth2",
                    "flows": {
                        "authorizationCode": {
                            "authorizationUrl": "authorize",
                            "tokenUrl": "token",
                            "scopes": {},

from fastapi.security import OAuth2, OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

reusable_oauth2 = OAuth2(
    flows={
        "password": {
            "tokenUrl": "token",
            "scopes": {"read:users": "Read the users", "write:users": "Create users"},
        }
    }
)


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str

from fastapi.security import OAuth2, OAuth2PasswordRequestFormStrict
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

reusable_oauth2 = OAuth2(
    flows={
        "password": {
            "tokenUrl": "token",
            "scopes": {"read:users": "Read the users", "write:users": "Create users"},
        }
    },
    description="OAuth2 security scheme",

Самый распространённый — «implicit flow».

Самый безопасный — «code flow», но он сложнее в реализации, так как требует больше шагов. Из‑за сложности многие провайдеры в итоге рекомендуют «implicit flow».

/// note | Примечание

Часто каждый провайдер аутентификации называет свои «flows» по‑разному — как часть бренда.

                }
            },
            "components": {
                "securitySchemes": {
                    "OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer": {
                        "type": "oauth2",
                        "flows": {
                            "authorizationCode": {
                                "scopes": {
                                    "read": "Read access",
                                    "write": "Write access",