* in a {@link Network}.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */
interface NetworkConnections<N, E> {

  Set<N> adjacentNodes();

  Set<N> predecessors();

  Set<N> successors();

  Set<E> incidentEdges();

  Set<E> inEdges();

  Set<E> outEdges();

  /**

import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A base implementation of {@link NetworkConnections} for undirected networks.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */
abstract class AbstractUndirectedNetworkConnections<N, E> implements NetworkConnections<N, E> {
  /** Keys are edges incident to the origin node, values are the node at the other end. */

    return true;
  }

  /**
   * Adds {@code node} to the graph and returns the associated {@link NetworkConnections}.
   *
   * @throws IllegalStateException if {@code node} is already present
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  private NetworkConnections<N, E> addNodeInternal(N node) {
    NetworkConnections<N, E> connections = newConnections();
    checkState(nodeConnections.put(node, connections) == null);

    this.nodeConnections =
        (nodeConnections instanceof TreeMap)
            ? new MapRetrievalCache<N, NetworkConnections<N, E>>(nodeConnections)
            : new MapIteratorCache<N, NetworkConnections<N, E>>(nodeConnections);
    this.edgeToReferenceNode = new MapIteratorCache<>(edgeToReferenceNode);
  }

  @Override
  public Set<N> nodes() {

    this.nodeConnections =
        (nodeConnections instanceof TreeMap)
            ? new MapRetrievalCache<N, NetworkConnections<N, E>>(nodeConnections)
            : new MapIteratorCache<N, NetworkConnections<N, E>>(nodeConnections);
    this.edgeToReferenceNode = new MapIteratorCache<>(edgeToReferenceNode);
  }

  @Override
  public Set<N> nodes() {

import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A base implementation of {@link NetworkConnections} for directed networks.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */
abstract class AbstractDirectedNetworkConnections<N, E> implements NetworkConnections<N, E> {
  /** Keys are edges incoming to the origin node, values are the source node. */

import com.google.common.collect.HashBiMap;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableBiMap;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link NetworkConnections} for undirected networks.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */

import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * An implementation of {@link NetworkConnections} for undirected networks with parallel edges.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */
final class UndirectedMultiNetworkConnections<N, E>

import java.util.Set;
import org.jspecify.annotations.Nullable;

/**
 * A base implementation of {@link NetworkConnections} for directed networks.
 *
 * @author James Sexton
 * @param <N> Node parameter type
 * @param <E> Edge parameter type
 */
abstract class AbstractDirectedNetworkConnections<N, E> implements NetworkConnections<N, E> {
  /** Keys are edges incoming to the origin node, values are the source node. */