// Access Mode Encoding for desiredAccess
    private static final int SHARING_COMPATIBILITY = 0x00;
    private static final int SHARING_DENY_READ_WRITE_EXECUTE = 0x10;
    private static final int SHARING_DENY_WRITE = 0x20;
    private static final int SHARING_DENY_READ_EXECUTE = 0x30;
    private static final int SHARING_DENY_NONE = 0x40;

    private static final int DO_NOT_CACHE = 0x1000; // bit 12

    assertWellFormed(
        0x61, 0xc8, 0x8a, 0x63, 0xc2, 0xa2, 0x62, 0x5c, 0x75, 0x30, 0x32, 0x34, 0x42, 0x36, 0x32,
        0x75, 0x30, 0x32, 0x30, 0x61, 0x63, 0x63, 0xc2, 0xa2, 0x64, 0x65, 0xc9, 0x8b, 0x36, 0x32);
    // Not a valid string
    assertNotWellFormed(-1, 0, -1, 0);
  }

  public void testShardsHaveExpectedRoundTrippables() {
    // A sanity check.
    long actual = 0;

    // Access Mode Encoding for desiredAccess
    static final int SHARING_COMPATIBILITY = 0x00;
    static final int SHARING_DENY_READ_WRITE_EXECUTE = 0x10;
    static final int SHARING_DENY_WRITE = 0x20;
    static final int SHARING_DENY_READ_EXECUTE = 0x30;
    static final int SHARING_DENY_NONE = 0x40;

    static final int DO_NOT_CACHE = 0x1000; // bit 12
    static final int WRITE_THROUGH = 0x4000; // bit 14

    void byteArrayConstructor_malformedDER_throwsWrapped() {
        // Arrange: Truncated SEQUENCE (0x30 len=2 but only 1 byte of content)
        byte[] malformed = new byte[] { 0x30, 0x02, 0x01 };

        // Act + Assert
        PACDecodingException ex = assertThrows(PACDecodingException.class, () -> new KerberosApRequest(malformed, null));

        stubValidTree(1L, true, true);

        byte[] fidBytes = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02 };
        SmbFileHandleImpl h1 = new SmbFileHandleImpl(cfg, fidBytes, tree, "//u/one", 0x10, 0x20, 0x30, 0x40, 0L);
        String s1 = h1.toString();
        assertTrue(s1.contains("//u/one"));
        assertTrue(s1.contains("0102"), "Expected hex fileId in string");

        SmbNegotiationResponse anotherResponse = mock(SmbNegotiationResponse.class);
        byte[] anotherRequestBuffer = new byte[] { 0x10, 0x20 };
        byte[] anotherResponseBuffer = new byte[] { 0x30, 0x40 };

        SmbNegotiation anotherNegotiation =
                new SmbNegotiation(anotherRequest, anotherResponse, anotherRequestBuffer, anotherResponseBuffer);

            byte[] testContext =
                    new byte[] { (byte) 0x11, (byte) 0x22, (byte) 0x33, (byte) 0x44, (byte) 0x55, (byte) 0x66, (byte) 0x77, (byte) 0x88 };
            message.setContext(testContext);
            byte[] testTargetInfo = new byte[] { 0x10, 0x20, 0x30 };
            message.setTargetInformation(testTargetInfo);

            // When
            String result = message.toString();

    void testEquals() {
        byte[] testBytes1 = new byte[] { 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, 0x09, 0x0A, 0x0B, 0x0C, 0x0D, 0x0E, 0x0F, 0x10 };
        byte[] testBytes2 = Arrays.copyOf(testBytes1, 16);
        byte[] testBytes3 = new byte[] { 0x11, 0x12, 0x13, 0x14, 0x15, 0x16, 0x17, 0x18, 0x19, 0x1A, 0x1B, 0x1C, 0x1D, 0x1E, 0x1F, 0x20 };

        Smb2LeaseKey key1 = new Smb2LeaseKey(testBytes1);

        // Bit 2: active (1)
        // Bit 1: permanent (1)

        // MAC address
        byte[] testMac = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
        System.arraycopy(testMac, 0, src, srcIndex + 19, 6);

        // Statistics
        byte[] stats = { 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
        System.arraycopy(stats, 0, src, srcIndex + 25, 6);

        response.readRDataWireFormat(src, srcIndex);

        byte[] expectedCustomData = { 0x01, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00 };
        byte[] actualCustomData = new byte[8];
        System.arraycopy(value, 8, actualCustomData, 0, 8);
        assertArrayEquals(expectedCustomData, actualCustomData);

        // Verify machineId part
        byte[] expectedMachineId = new byte[32];
        expectedMachineId[0] = 0x10;
        expectedMachineId[1] = 0x11;