allocatedDevices: make(map[string]sets.Set[string]),
			podDevices:       newPodDevices(),
			sourcesReady:     &sourcesReadyStub{},
			activePods:       func() []*v1.Pod { return []*v1.Pod{tc.pod} },
			numaNodes:        []int{0, 1},
		}

		for r := range tc.devices {
			m.allDevices[r] = make(DeviceInstances)
			m.healthyDevices[r] = sets.New[string]()

			for _, d := range tc.devices[r] {
				m.allDevices[r][d.ID] = d

	// additional proviso in section 3.2.5 which implies that distance codes
	// 30 and 31 should never occur in compressed data.
	maxNumLit  = 286
	maxNumDist = 30
	numCodes   = 19 // number of codes in Huffman meta-code
)

// Initialize the fixedHuffmanDecoder only once upon first use.
var fixedOnce sync.Once
var fixedHuffmanDecoder huffmanDecoder

		if percentage < minFeasibleNodesPercentageToFind {
			percentage = minFeasibleNodesPercentageToFind
		}
	}

	numNodes = numAllNodes * percentage / 100
	if numNodes < minFeasibleNodesToFind {
		return minFeasibleNodesToFind
	}

	return numNodes
}

		if err != nil {
			return fmt.Errorf("failed to convert the NUMA node ID, exptected integer, got %s", numaNodeReservation[0])
		}

		memoryReservation := kubeletconfig.MemoryReservation{
			NumaNode: int32(numaNodeID),
			Limits:   map[v1.ResourceName]resource.Quantity{},
		}

		for _, memoryTypeReservation := range memoryTypeReservations {
			limit := strings.Split(memoryTypeReservation, "=")

// a few nodes due to image locality.
func scaledImageScore(imageState *framework.ImageStateSummary, totalNumNodes int) int64 {
	spread := float64(imageState.NumNodes) / float64(totalNumNodes)
	return int64(float64(imageState.Size) * spread)
}

// normalizedImageName returns the CRI compliant name for a given image.
// TODO: cover the corner cases of missed matches, e.g,

    if (device_.pci_bus_id != nullptr) {
      builder.set_pci_bus_id(device_.pci_bus_id);
    }

    if (device_fns_->get_numa_node != nullptr) {
      int32_t numa_node = device_fns_->get_numa_node(&device_);
      if (numa_node >= 0) {
        builder.set_numa_node(numa_node);
      }
    }

    if (device_fns_->get_memory_bandwidth != nullptr) {
      int64_t memory_bandwidth = device_fns_->get_memory_bandwidth(&device_);

				pod.Spec.Volumes[0].Name,
				pod.Spec.NodeName)
		}
	}
}

func largeClusterClient(t testing.TB, numNodes int) *fake.Clientset {
	// Arrange
	fakeKubeClient := fake.NewSimpleClientset()

	// populate numNodes nodes, each with 100 volumes
	for i := 0; i < numNodes; i++ {
		nodeName := fmt.Sprintf("node-%d", i)
		node := &v1.Node{
			ObjectMeta: metav1.ObjectMeta{
				Name: nodeName,

	// Get the total number of NUMA nodes in the system.
	numNUMANodes := a.topo.CPUDetails.NUMANodes().Size()

	// Get the total number of NUMA nodes that have CPUs available on them.
	numNUMANodesAvailable := a.details.NUMANodes().Size()

	// Get the total number of CPUs in the system.
	numCPUs := a.topo.CPUDetails.CPUs().Size()

	// Initialize minAffinitySize to include all NUMA Nodes.
	minAffinitySize := p.topology.CPUDetails.NUMANodes().Size()

	// Iterate through all combinations of numa nodes bitmask and build hints from them.
	hints := []topologymanager.TopologyHint{}
	bitmask.IterateBitMasks(p.topology.CPUDetails.NUMANodes().List(), func(mask bitmask.BitMask) {
		// First, update minAffinitySize for the current request size.

	// MinCandidateNodesAbsolute is the absolute minimum number of candidates to
	// shortlist. The likely number of candidates enumerated for dry running
	// preemption is given by the formula:
	// numCandidates = max(numNodes * minCandidateNodesPercentage, minCandidateNodesAbsolute)
	// We say "likely" because there are other factors such as PDB violations
	// that play a role in the number of candidates shortlisted. Must be at least