**FastAPI** 提供了和 `starlette.testclient` 一样的 `fastapi.testclient`，只是为了方便开发者。但它直接来自Starlette。

!!! tip "提示"
    除了发送请求之外，如果你还想测试时在FastAPI应用中调用 `async` 函数（例如异步数据库函数）， 可以在高级教程中看下 [Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 。

## 分离测试

在实际应用中，你可能会把你的测试放在另一个文件里。

您的**FastAPI**应用程序也可能由一些文件/模块组成等等。

### **FastAPI** app 文件

* Durch die Verwendung einer Abhängigkeit können Sie das Testen vereinfachen.
* Sie können `.env`-Dateien damit verwenden.

Paul Merlin <******@****.***> 1690890212 +0200

// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package krt

// Dump is a *testing* helper to dump the state of a collection, if possible, into logs.
func Dump[O any](c Collection[O]) {
	c.(internalCollection[O]).dump()
}

type TestingDummyContext struct{}

 *
 *  24-May-2006   Added callbacks for suite start and complete events.
 *                Added tracking/reported of elapsed time.  (JDS)
 */

/** @file
 *  Test run management functions (user interface).
 *  The TestRun module implements functions supporting the running
 *  of tests elements (suites and tests).  This includes functions for

limitations under the License.
*/

package testing

import (
	"fmt"
	"os"
	"path/filepath"
	goruntime "runtime"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"k8s.io/klog/v2"

	"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/sets"
	"k8s.io/utils/exec"
	testingexec "k8s.io/utils/exec/testing"
	utilstrings "k8s.io/utils/strings"

	v1 "k8s.io/api/core/v1"

!!! tip
    If you want to call `async` functions in your tests apart from sending requests to your FastAPI application (e.g. asynchronous database functions), have a look at the [Async Tests](../advanced/async-tests.md){.internal-link target=_blank} in the advanced tutorial.

## Separating tests

In a real application, you probably would have your tests in a different file.

			return
		}

		// runtime.GOROOT doesn't know where GOROOT is (perhaps because the test
		// binary was built with -trimpath).
		//
		// Since this is internal/testenv, we can cheat and assume that the caller
		// is a test of some package in a subdirectory of GOROOT/src. ('go test'
		// runs the test in the directory containing the packaged under test.) That
		// means that if we start walking up the tree, we should eventually find

"""Common testing utilities for quantization libraries."""
import itertools
import os
from typing import Any, Mapping, Sequence


def parameter_combinations(
    test_parameters: Sequence[Mapping[str, Sequence[Any]]]
) -> Sequence[Mapping[str, Any]]:
  """Generate all combinations of test parameters.

  Args:

    🤶 Ⓜ. `pip install httpx`.

🗄 `TestClient`.

✍ `TestClient` 🚶‍♀️ 👆 **FastAPI** 🈸 ⚫️.

✍ 🔢 ⏮️ 📛 👈 ▶️ ⏮️ `test_` (👉 🐩 `pytest` 🏛).

⚙️ `TestClient` 🎚 🎏 🌌 👆 ⏮️ `httpx`.

✍ 🙅 `assert` 📄 ⏮️ 🐩 🐍 🧬 👈 👆 💪 ✅ (🔄, 🐩 `pytest`).

```Python hl_lines="2  12  15-18"
{!../../../docs_src/app_testing/tutorial001.py!}
```