}

  // enum singleton pattern
  private enum ToStringFunction implements Function<Object, String> {
    INSTANCE;

    @Override
    public String apply(Object o) {
      checkNotNull(o); // eager for GWT.
      return o.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
      return "Functions.toStringFunction()";
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns the identity function.
   *

   * a good policy, especially because, in order for the test to pass, the
   * parameter must be misleadingly annotated as @Nullable. I suspect that
   * we'll want to remove @Nullable, add an eager checkNotNull, and loosen up
   * testRemove_nullAllowed.
   */
  @CanIgnoreReturnValue
  @Override
  public int remove(@CheckForNull Object element, int occurrences) {
    if (occurrences == 0) {

 * find it easier to use a framework. Frameworks automate the process, often adding features like
 * monitoring, debugging, and cancellation. Examples of frameworks include:
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li><a href="https://dagger.dev/producers.html">Dagger Producers</a>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>If you do chain your operations manually, you may want to use {@link FluentFuture}.
 *
 * @author Kevin Bourrillion
 * @author Nishant Thakkar
 * @author Sven Mawson

    if (!expression) {
      throw new IllegalStateException(lenientFormat(errorMessageTemplate, p1, p2, p3, p4));
    }
  }

  /*
   * Preconditions.checkNotNull is *intended* for performing eager null checks on parameters that a
   * nullness checker can already "prove" are non-null. That means that the first parameter to
   * checkNotNull *should* be annotated to require it to be non-null.
   *

      return list.asList();
    }
    return copyFromCollection(elements);
  }

  @JsMethod
  public static <E> ImmutableList<E> copyOf(E[] elements) {
    checkNotNull(elements); // eager for GWT
    return copyOf(Arrays.asList(elements));
  }

  private static <E> ImmutableList<E> copyFromCollection(Collection<? extends E> collection) {
    Object[] elements = collection.toArray();