private static String badElementIndex(int index, int size, String desc) {
    if (index < 0) {
      return lenientFormat("%s (%s) must not be negative", desc, index);
    } else if (size < 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative size: " + size);
    } else { // index >= size
      return lenientFormat("%s (%s) must be less than size (%s)", desc, index, size);
    }
  }

  /**

    assertEquals("%s", Strings.lenientFormat("%s"));
    assertEquals("5", Strings.lenientFormat("%s", 5));
    assertEquals("foo [5]", Strings.lenientFormat("foo", 5));
    assertEquals("foo [5, 6, 7]", Strings.lenientFormat("foo", 5, 6, 7));
    assertEquals("%s 1 2", Strings.lenientFormat("%s %s %s", "%s", 1, 2));
    assertEquals(" [5, 6]", Strings.lenientFormat("", 5, 6));

  private static String badElementIndex(int index, int size, String desc) {
    if (index < 0) {
      return lenientFormat("%s (%s) must not be negative", desc, index);
    } else if (size < 0) {
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("negative size: " + size);
    } else { // index >= size
      return lenientFormat("%s (%s) must be less than size (%s)", desc, index, size);
    }
  }

  /**

   *     non-null values are converted to strings using {@link Object#toString()}.
   * @since 25.1
   */
  // TODO(diamondm) consider using Arrays.toString() for array parameters
  public static String lenientFormat(
      @CheckForNull String template, @CheckForNull @Nullable Object... args) {
    template = String.valueOf(template); // null -> "null"

    if (args == null) {
      args = new Object[] {"(Object[])null"};

    } else if (params.length == 2) {
      assertThat(throwable).hasMessageThat().isEmpty();
    } else {
      assertThat(throwable)
          .hasMessageThat()
          .isEqualTo(Strings.lenientFormat("", Arrays.copyOfRange(params, 2, params.length)));
    }
  }

  /**
   * Returns an array containing parameters for invoking a checkArgument, checkNotNull or checkState
   * method reflectively
   *

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes;
import static com.google.common.base.Strings.lenientFormat;
import static java.lang.Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
import static java.lang.Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes;
import static com.google.common.base.Strings.lenientFormat;
import static java.lang.Float.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
import static java.lang.Float.POSITIVE_INFINITY;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes;
import static com.google.common.base.Strings.lenientFormat;
import static java.lang.Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
import static java.lang.Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;

import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkNotNull;
import static com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkPositionIndexes;
import static com.google.common.base.Strings.lenientFormat;
import static java.lang.Double.NEGATIVE_INFINITY;
import static java.lang.Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY;

import com.google.common.annotations.GwtCompatible;
import com.google.common.annotations.GwtIncompatible;