}
		_ = stmt.Schema.ParseIndexes()
		field := stmt.Schema.LookUpField(fieldName)
		if field == nil {
			t.Fatalf("%v: failed to find column %q", utils.FileWithLineNum(), fieldName)
		}
		if field.Unique != unique {
			t.Fatalf("%v: %q column %q unique should be %v but got %v", utils.FileWithLineNum(), stmt.Schema.Table, fieldName, unique, field.Unique)
		}
		if field.UniqueIndex != uniqueIndex {

		"PFAndESI":                  "pf_and_esi",
		"AbcAndJkl":                 "abc_and_jkl",
		"EmployeeID":                "employee_id",
		"SKU_ID":                    "sku_id",
		"FieldX":                    "field_x",
		"HTTPAndSMTP":               "http_and_smtp",
		"HTTPServerHandlerForURLID": "http_server_handler_for_url_id",
		"UUID":                      "uuid",
		"HTTPURL":                   "http_url",

	switch dialect {
	case "mysql", "sqlserver":
		// these dialects do not support the "returning" clause
		return
	default:
		// This user struct will leverage the existing users table, but override
		// the Name field to default to null.
		type user struct {
			gorm.Model
			Name string `gorm:"default:null"`
		}
		u1 := user{}

		if results := DB.Create(&u1); results.Error != nil {

				{Field: &schema.Field{Name: "FieldD"}},
			},
		},
		"uniq_field_e1_e2": {
			Name:  "uniq_field_e1_e2",
			Class: "UNIQUE",
			Fields: []schema.IndexOption{
				{Field: &schema.Field{Name: "FieldE1"}},
				{Field: &schema.Field{Name: "FieldE2"}},
			},
		},
		"idx_index_tests_field_f1": {
			Name:   "idx_index_tests_field_f1",
			Fields: []schema.IndexOption{{Field: &schema.Field{Name: "FieldF1"}}},
		},

					return
				}
			case schema.Many2Many:
				var (
					queryConds     = make([]clause.Expression, 0, len(rel.References))
					foreignFields  = make([]*schema.Field, 0, len(rel.References))
					relForeignKeys = make([]string, 0, len(rel.References))
					modelValue     = reflect.New(rel.JoinTable.ModelType).Interface()
					table          = rel.JoinTable.Table

				if name == "" {
					subName := field.Name
					const key = "COMPOSITE"
					if composite, found := settings[key]; found {
						if len(composite) == 0 || composite == key {
							err = fmt.Errorf(
								"The composite tag of %s.%s cannot be empty",
								field.Schema.Name,
								field.Name)
							return
						}
						subName = composite
					}
					name = field.Schema.namer.IndexName(

		reflectResults = reflect.MakeSlice(reflect.SliceOf(reflect.PtrTo(rel.FieldSchema.ModelType)), 0, 1)

		appendToResults := func(value reflect.Value) {
			if _, isZero := rel.Field.ValueOf(ctx, value); !isZero {
				result := reflect.Indirect(rel.Field.ReflectValueOf(ctx, value))
				switch result.Kind() {
				case reflect.Struct:
					reflectResults = reflect.Append(reflectResults, result.Addr())
				case reflect.Slice, reflect.Array:

	tx.Statement.assigns = attrs
	return
}

// Unscoped disables the global scope of soft deletion in a query.
// By default, GORM uses soft deletion, marking records as "deleted"
// by setting a timestamp on a specific field (e.g., `deleted_at`).
// Unscoped allows queries to include records marked as deleted,
// overriding the soft deletion behavior.
// Example:
//    var users []User
//    db.Unscoped().Find(&users)

	}
}

func TestUpdateColumnsSkipsAssociations(t *testing.T) {
	user := *GetUser("update_column_skips_association", Config{})
	DB.Create(&user)

	// Update a single field of the user and verify that the changed address is not stored.
	newAge := uint(100)
	user.Account.Number = "new_account_number"
	db := DB.Model(&user).UpdateColumns(User{Age: newAge})

	if db.RowsAffected != 1 {

			}

			if stmt.Schema != nil {
				if field := stmt.Schema.LookUpField(k); field != nil {
					if field.DBName != "" {
						if v, ok := selectColumns[field.DBName]; (ok && v) || (!ok && !restricted) {
							set = append(set, clause.Assignment{Column: clause.Column{Name: field.DBName}, Value: kv})
							assignValue(field, value[k])
						}
					} else if v, ok := selectColumns[field.Name]; (ok && v) || (!ok && !restricted) {