* HTTP Basic.
* **OAuth2** (với **JWT tokens**). Xem hướng dẫn [OAuth2 with JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
* API keys in:
    * Headers.
    * Các tham số trong query string.
    * Cookies, etc.

Cộng với tất cả các tính năng bảo mật từ Starlette (bao gồm **session cookies**).

 │                          │
 ╰──────────────────────────╯

<font color="#3465A4">INFO    </font> Using import string <font color="#8AE234"><b>main:app</b></font>

 <span style="background-color:#C4A000"><font color="#2E3436">╭────────── FastAPI CLI - Development mode ───────────╮</font></span>

这个`__tablename__`属性是用来告诉 SQLAlchemy 要在数据库中为每个模型使用的数据库表的名称。

### 创建模型属性/列

现在创建所有模型（类）属性。

这些属性中的每一个都代表其相应数据库表中的一列。

我们使用`Column`来表示 SQLAlchemy 中的默认值。

我们传递一个 SQLAlchemy “类型”，如`Integer`、`String`和`Boolean`，它定义了数据库中的类型，作为参数。

```Python hl_lines="1  10-13  21-24"
{!../../../docs_src/sql_databases/sql_app/models.py!}
```

### 创建关系

现在创建关系。

为此，我们使用SQLAlchemy  ORM提供的`relationship`。

# Using the Request Directly

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

### FastAPI Experts - Last Month

These are the users that have been [helping others the most with questions in GitHub](help-fastapi.md#help-others-with-questions-in-github){.internal-link target=_blank} during the last month. 🤓

{% if people %}
<div class="user-list user-list-center">
{% for user in people.last_month_experts[:10] %}

* **Modify some DNS records**.
    * For this, the renewal program needs to support the APIs of the DNS provider, so, depending on the DNS provider you are using, this might or might not be an option.
* **Run as a server** (at least during the certificate acquisition process) on the public IP address associated with the domain.
    * As we said above, only one process can be listening on a specific IP and port.

If you are paying for 3 servers but you are using only a little bit of their RAM and CPU, you are probably **wasting money** 💸, and probably **wasting server electric power** 🌎, etc.

In that case, it could be better to have only 2 servers and use a higher percentage of their resources (CPU, memory, disk, network bandwidth, etc).

* New [WebSocketException (and docs)](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/advanced/websockets/#using-depends-and-others), re-exported from Starlette.

                            "pattern": "password",
                            "type": "string",
                        },
                        "username": {"title": "Username", "type": "string"},
                        "password": {"title": "Password", "type": "string"},
                        "scope": {"title": "Scope", "type": "string", "default": ""},
                        "client_id": IsDict(
                            {

                            "items": {
                                "anyOf": [{"type": "string"}, {"type": "integer"}]
                            },
                        },
                        "msg": {"title": "Message", "type": "string"},
                        "type": {"title": "Error Type", "type": "string"},
                    },
                },
                "HTTPValidationError": {