* This way you can update only the values actually set by the user, instead of overriding values already stored with default values in your model.
* Create a copy of the stored model, updating it's attributes with the received partial updates (using the `update` parameter).
* Convert the copied model to something that can be stored in your DB (for example, using the `jsonable_encoder`).

## Query parameter list / multiple values

When you define a query parameter explicitly with `Query` you can also declare it to receive a list of values, or said in other way, to receive multiple values.

For example, to declare a query parameter `q` that can appear multiple times in the URL, you can write:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"

* the data from the client to be sent through the network
* the data sent by your program to be received by the client through the network
* the contents of a file in the disk to be read by the system and given to your program
* the contents your program gave to the system to be written to disk
* a remote API operation

!!! tip
    As FastAPI is an async framework, one request could start being processed, and before finishing, another request could be received and start processing as well, and it all could be processed in the same thread.

Let's imagine that you have a database `fake_db` that only receives JSON compatible data.

For example, it doesn't receive `datetime` objects, as those are not compatible with JSON.

So, a `datetime` object would have to be converted to a `str` containing the data in <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_8601" class="external-link" target="_blank">ISO format</a>.

The `status_code` parameter receives a number with the HTTP status code.

!!! info
    `status_code` can alternatively also receive an `IntEnum`, such as Python's <a href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/http.html#http.HTTPStatus" class="external-link" target="_blank">`http.HTTPStatus`</a>.

It will:

            data = websocket.receive_text()
            assert data == "Session cookie or query token value is: fakesession"
            data = websocket.receive_text()
            assert data == f"Message text was: {message}, for item ID: foo"
            message = "Message two"
            websocket.send_text(message)
            data = websocket.receive_text()

    Notice that the query `token` will be handled by a dependency.

With that you can connect the WebSocket and then send and receive messages:

<img src="/img/tutorial/websockets/image05.png">

## Handling disconnections and multiple clients

When a WebSocket connection is closed, the `await websocket.receive_text()` will raise a `WebSocketDisconnect` exception, which you can then catch and handle like in this example.

=== "Python 3.9+"

    Ein `Request` hat auch ein `request.receive`, welches eine Funktion ist, die den Hauptteil des Requests empfängt.

    Das `scope`-`dict` und die `receive`-Funktion sind beide Teil der ASGI-Spezifikation.

    Und diese beiden Dinge, `scope` und `receive`, werden benötigt, um eine neue `Request`-Instanz zu erstellen.

This can make it a lot easier for your users to **implement their APIs** to receive your **webhook** requests, they might even be able to autogenerate some of their own API code.

!!! info
    Webhooks are available in OpenAPI 3.1.0 and above, supported by FastAPI `0.99.0` and above.

## An app with webhooks