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# Static Files - `StaticFiles`

You can use the `StaticFiles` class to serve static files, like JavaScript, CSS, images, etc.

Read more about it in the [FastAPI docs for Static Files](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/static-files/).

You can import it directly from `fastapi.staticfiles`:

```python
from fastapi.staticfiles import StaticFiles
```

    return PlainTextResponse(str(exc), status_code=400)


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: int):
    if item_id == 3:
        raise HTTPException(status_code=418, detail="Nope! I don't like 3.")

When we don't need to declare more validations or metadata, we can make the `q` query parameter required just by not declaring a default value, like:

```Python
q: str
```

instead of:

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

But we are now declaring it with `Query`, for example like:

=== "Annotated"

    ```Python
    q: Annotated[Union[str, None], Query(min_length=3)] = None
    ```

## Response Status Code

You can define the (HTTP) `status_code` to be used in the response of your *path operation*.

You can pass directly the `int` code, like `404`.

But if you don't remember what each number code is for, you can use the shortcut constants in `status`:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="1  15"

```

Here the query parameter `needy` is a required query parameter of type `str`.

If you open in your browser a URL like:

```
http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

...without adding the required parameter `needy`, you will see an error like:

```JSON
{
  "detail": [
    {
      "type": "missing",
      "loc": [
        "query",
        "needy"
      ],

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!> ../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!}
```

### Declare a `list` with a type parameter

To declare types that have type parameters (internal types), like `list`, `dict`, `tuple`:

* If you are in a Python version lower than 3.9, import their equivalent version from the `typing` module
* Pass the internal type(s) as "type parameters" using square brackets: `[` and `]`

            ]
        }
    )


def test_get_http_error():
    response = client.get("/items/3")
    assert response.status_code == 418, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"detail": "Nope! I don't like 3."}


def test_get():
    response = client.get("/items/2")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"item_id": 2}


def test_openapi_schema():

!!! info
    The `app.webhooks` object is actually just an `APIRouter`, the same type you would use when structuring your app with multiple files.

Notice that with webhooks you are actually not declaring a *path* (like `/items/`), the text you pass there is just an **identifier** of the webhook (the name of the event), for example in `@app.webhooks.post("new-subscription")`, the webhook name is `new-subscription`.

def main(user_id: str):
    return user_id


# A Pydantic model
class User(BaseModel):
    id: int
    name: str
    joined: date
```

That can then be used like:

```Python
my_user: User = User(id=3, name="John Doe", joined="2018-07-19")

second_user_data = {
    "id": 4,
    "name": "Mary",
    "joined": "2018-11-30",
}