The idea is to automate the acquisition and renewal of these certificates so that you can have **secure HTTPS, for free, forever**.

## HTTPS for Developers

Here's an example of how an HTTPS API could look like, step by step, paying attention mainly to the ideas important for developers.

### Domain Name

The section:

```Python
from .routers import items, users
```

means:

* Starting in the same package that this module (the file `app/main.py`) lives in (the directory `app/`)...
* look for the subpackage `routers` (the directory at `app/routers/`)...
* and from it, import the submodule `items` (the file at `app/routers/items.py`) and `users` (the file at `app/routers/users.py`)...

    ```Python hl_lines="20-27"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial003.py!}
    ```

### Example in the docs UI

With any of the methods above it would look like this in the `/docs`:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body-fields/image01.png">

### `Body` with multiple `examples`

You can of course also pass multiple `examples`:

=== "Python 3.10+"

## Multiple models

Here's a general idea of how the models could look like with their password fields and the places where they are used:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="7  9  14  20  22  27-28  31-33  38-39"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/extra_models/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

And also after the `response` is generated, before returning it.

For example, you could add a custom header `X-Process-Time` containing the time in seconds that it took to process the request and generate a response:

```Python hl_lines="10  12-13"
{!../../../docs_src/middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## Other middlewares

So, the interactive docs will have all the information from these dependencies too:

<img src="/img/tutorial/dependencies/image01.png">

## Simple usage

If you look at it, *path operation functions* are declared to be used whenever a *path* and *operation* matches, and then **FastAPI** takes care of calling the function with the correct parameters, extracting the data from the request.

You would of course use the same ideas you read in [About FastAPI versions](versions.md){.internal-link target=_blank} to set the ranges of versions.

For example, your `requirements.txt` could look like:

```
fastapi>=0.112.0,<0.113.0
pydantic>=2.7.0,<3.0.0
```

And you would normally install those package dependencies with `pip`, for example:

<div class="termy">

```console

The same example from above, returning an `HTMLResponse`, could look like:

```Python hl_lines="2  7  19"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial003.py!}
```

!!! warning

You declare the dependency as the type of the parameter, and you use `Depends()` without any parameter, instead of having to write the full class *again* inside of `Depends(CommonQueryParams)`.

The same example would then look like:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    ```Python hl_lines="19"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/dependencies/tutorial004_an_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.9+"

    ```Python hl_lines="19"

For example, if some code at some point in the middle, in another dependency or in a *path operation*, made a database transaction "rollback" or create any other error, you will receive the exception in your dependency.

So, you can look for that specific exception inside the dependency with `except SomeException`.

In the same way, you can use `finally` to make sure the exit steps are executed, no matter if there was an exception or not.