而且你还可以声明数值校验：

* `gt`：大于（`g`reater `t`han）
* `ge`：大于等于（`g`reater than or `e`qual）
* `lt`：小于（`l`ess `t`han）
* `le`：小于等于（`l`ess than or `e`qual）

!!! info
    `Query`、`Path` 以及你后面会看到的其他类继承自一个共同的 `Param` 类（不需要直接使用它）。

    而且它们都共享相同的所有你已看到并用于添加额外校验和元数据的参数。

!!! note "技术细节"
    当你从 `fastapi` 导入 `Query`、`Path` 和其他同类对象时，它们实际上是函数。

    当被调用时，它们返回同名类的实例。

    如此，你导入 `Query` 这个函数。当你调用它时，它将返回一个同样命名为 `Query` 的类的实例。

Then, for the request in the next tab, your app will wait for one second less, and so on.

This means that it will end up finishing some of the last tabs' requests earlier than some of the previous ones.

        That's a lot of work they are doing, but if more FastAPI users came to help others like them just a little bit more, it would be much less effort for them (and you and me 😅).

        By asking questions in a structured way (following this) it will be much easier to help you.

* **Intuitive**: Great editor support. <abbr title="also known as auto-complete, autocompletion, IntelliSense">Completion</abbr> everywhere. Less time debugging.
* **Easy**: Designed to be easy to use and learn. Less time reading docs.
* **Short**: Minimize code duplication. Multiple features from each parameter declaration. Fewer bugs.

            Doc(
                """
                Configuration passed to Pydantic to define if the response data should
                exclude fields set to `None`.

                This is much simpler (less smart) than `response_model_exclude_unset`
                and `response_model_exclude_defaults`. You probably want to use one of
                those two instead of this one, as those allow returning `None` values

### `UJSONResponse`

An alternative JSON response using <a href="https://github.com/ultrajson/ultrajson" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ujson`</a>.

!!! warning
    `ujson` is less careful than Python's built-in implementation in how it handles some edge-cases.

```Python hl_lines="2  7"
{!../../../docs_src/custom_response/tutorial001.py!}
```

!!! tip

This idea of **asynchronous** code described above is also sometimes called **"concurrency"**. It is different from **"parallelism"**.

**Concurrency** and **parallelism** both relate to "different things happening more or less at the same time".

But the details between *concurrency* and *parallelism* are quite different.

To see the difference, imagine the following story about burgers:

### Concurrent Burgers

In this section you will see how to manage authentication and authorization with the same OAuth2 with scopes in your **FastAPI** application.

!!! warning
    This is a more or less advanced section. If you are just starting, you can skip it.

    You don't necessarily need OAuth2 scopes, and you can handle authentication and authorization however you want.

    ```

## Number validations: floats, greater than and less than

Number validations also work for `float` values.

Here's where it becomes important to be able to declare <abbr title="greater than"><code>gt</code></abbr> and not just <abbr title="greater than or equal"><code>ge</code></abbr>. As with it you can require, for example, that a value must be greater than `0`, even if it is less than `1`.

また、数値のバリデーションを宣言することもできます:

* `gt`: より大きい（`g`reater `t`han）
* `ge`: 以上（`g`reater than or `e`qual）
* `lt`: より小さい（`l`ess `t`han）
* `le`: 以下（`l`ess than or `e`qual）

!!! info "情報"
    `Query`、`Path`などは後に共通の`Param`クラスのサブクラスを見ることになります。（使う必要はありません）

    そして、それらすべては、これまで見てきた追加のバリデーションとメタデータと同じパラメータを共有しています。

!!! note "技術詳細"