@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_item(item_id: str):
    if item_id not in items:
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=404,
            detail="Item not found",
            headers={"X-Error": "Some custom header"},
        )
    return {"item": items[item_id]}


@app.get("/http-no-body-statuscode-exception")
async def no_body_status_code_exception():
    raise HTTPException(status_code=204)

    return {"scheme": credentials.scheme, "credentials": credentials.credentials}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_security_http_bearer():
    response = client.get("/users/me", headers={"Authorization": "Bearer foobar"})
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {"scheme": "Bearer", "credentials": "foobar"}


def test_security_http_bearer_no_credentials():

* To pass a JSON body, pass a Python object (e.g. a `dict`) to the parameter `json`.
* If you need to send *Form Data* instead of JSON, use the `data` parameter instead.
* To pass *headers*, use a `dict` in the `headers` parameter.
* For *cookies*, a `dict` in the `cookies` parameter.

def test_get_redirect():
    response = client.get("/portal", params={"teleport": True}, follow_redirects=False)
    assert response.status_code == 307, response.text
    assert response.headers["location"] == "https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQw4w9WgXcQ"


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {

    user = fake_decode_token(token)
    if not user:
        raise HTTPException(
            status_code=status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED,
            detail="Invalid authentication credentials",
            headers={"WWW-Authenticate": "Bearer"},
        )
    return user


async def get_current_active_user(
    current_user: Annotated[User, Depends(get_current_user)],
):
    if current_user.disabled:

client = TestClient(app)


def test_get_response():
    response = client.get("/a")
    assert response.status_code == 204, response.text
    assert "content-length" not in response.headers
    assert response.content == b""


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {

COPY ./app /code/app

CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80"]

# Если используете прокси-сервер, такой как Nginx или Traefik, добавьте --proxy-headers
# CMD ["uvicorn", "app.main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "80", "--proxy-headers"]
```

</details>

## Что такое "контейнер"

```Python hl_lines="2  6"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial001.py!}
```

## `TrustedHostMiddleware`

Enforces that all incoming requests have a correctly set `Host` header, in order to guard against HTTP Host Header attacks.

```Python hl_lines="2  6-8"
{!../../../docs_src/advanced_middleware/tutorial002.py!}
```

The following arguments are supported:

def test_path_operation_img():
    shutil.copy("./docs/en/docs/img/favicon.png", "./image.png")
    response = client.get("/items/foo?img=1")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.headers["Content-Type"] == "image/png"
    assert len(response.content)
    os.remove("./image.png")


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")

Pero puedes devolver una `JSONResponse` directamente de tu *operación de path*.

Esto puede ser útil, por ejemplo, para devolver cookies o headers personalizados.

## Devolver una `Response`

De hecho, puedes devolver cualquier `Response` o cualquier subclase de la misma.

!!! tip "Consejo"
    `JSONResponse` en sí misma es una subclase de `Response`.