By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.

This is just a **quick tutorial / refresher** about Python type hints. It covers only the minimum necessary to use them with **FastAPI**... which is actually very little.

**FastAPI** is all based on these type hints, they give it many advantages and benefits.

## Gunicorn과 함께하는 공식 도커 이미지 - Uvicorn

앞 챕터에서 자세하게 설명된 것 처럼, Uvicorn 워커와 같이 실행되는 Gunicorn을 포함하는 공식 도커 이미지가 있습니다: [서버 워커 - Uvicorn과 함께하는 Gunicorn](server-workers.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

이 이미지는 주로 위에서 설명된 상황에서 유용할 것입니다: [다중 프로세스를 가지는 컨테이너와 특수한 경우들](#containers-with-multiple-processes-and-special-cases).

## 🏃 🐁 ⏮️ Uvicorn 👨‍🏭

⤴️ 👆 💪 🏃 🐁 ⏮️:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ gunicorn main:app --workers 4 --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:80

[19499] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
[19499] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80 (19499)
[19499] [INFO] Using worker: uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
[19511] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19511
[19513] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19513

这将安装带有`standard`扩展包（以获得高性能）的 Uvicorn 和 Gunicorn。

## Run Gunicorn with Uvicorn Workers

接下来你可以通过以下命令运行Gunicorn:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ gunicorn main:app --workers 4 --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:80

[19499] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
[19499] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80 (19499)
[19499] [INFO] Using worker: uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
[19511] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19511

Dann können Sie Gunicorn ausführen mit:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ gunicorn main:app --workers 4 --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:80

[19499] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
[19499] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80 (19499)
[19499] [INFO] Using worker: uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
[19511] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19511
[19513] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19513

## 复制 - 进程和内存

对于 FastAPI 应用程序，使用像 Uvicorn 这样的服务器程序，在**一个进程**中运行一次就可以同时为多个客户端提供服务。

但在许多情况下，您会希望同时运行多个工作进程。

### 多进程 - Workers

如果您的客户端数量多于单个进程可以处理的数量（例如，如果虚拟机不是太大），并且服务器的 CPU 中有 **多个核心**，那么您可以让 **多个进程** 运行 同时处理同一个应用程序，并在它们之间分发所有请求。

当您运行同一 API 程序的**多个进程**时，它们通常称为 **workers**。

### 工作进程和端口

还记得文档 [About HTTPS](https.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 中只有一个进程可以侦听服务器中的端口和 IP 地址的一种组合吗？

现在仍然是对的。

```Python hl_lines="6-7"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial001.py!}
```

El valor del parámetro de path `item_id` será pasado a tu función como el argumento `item_id`.

Entonces, si corres este ejemplo y vas a <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo</a>, verás una respuesta de:

```JSON
{"item_id":"foo"}
```

By the last <a href="https://www.jetbrains.com/research/python-developers-survey-2018/#development-tools" class="external-link" target="_blank">Python Developer Survey</a>, that covers about 80% of the users.

## Run Gunicorn with Uvicorn Workers

Then you can run Gunicorn with:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ gunicorn main:app --workers 4 --worker-class uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker --bind 0.0.0.0:80

[19499] [INFO] Starting gunicorn 20.1.0
[19499] [INFO] Listening at: http://0.0.0.0:80 (19499)
[19499] [INFO] Using worker: uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker
[19511] [INFO] Booting worker with pid: 19511

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