from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/a", responses={"hello": {"description": "Not a valid additional response"}})
async def a():
    pass  # pragma: no cover


openapi_schema = {
    "openapi": "3.1.0",
    "info": {"title": "FastAPI", "version": "0.1.0"},
    "paths": {
        "/a": {
            "get": {
                "responses": {

        received = 0

        async def inner():
            nonlocal received
            message = await receive()
            if message["type"] != "http.request":
                return message  # pragma: no cover

            body_len = len(message.get("body", b""))
            received += body_len
            if received > self.max_content_size:
                raise HTTPException(
                    422,

        * `clientCredentials`
        * `authorizationCode`
    * But there is one specific "flow" that can be perfectly used for handling authentication in the same application directly:
        * `password`: some next chapters will cover examples of this.
* `openIdConnect`: has a way to define how to discover OAuth2 authentication data automatically.
    * This automatic discovery is what is defined in the OpenID Connect specification.


!!! tip

    Because of that, versions of FastAPI previous to 0.99.0 still used versions of OpenAPI lower than 3.1.0.

### Pydantic and FastAPI `examples`

When you add `examples` inside a Pydantic model, using `schema_extra` or `Field(examples=["something"])` that example is added to the **JSON Schema** for that Pydantic model.

    try:
        from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
            with_info_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,
        )
    except ImportError:  # pragma: no cover
        from pydantic_core.core_schema import (
            general_plain_validator_function as with_info_plain_validator_function,  # noqa: F401
        )

    Required = PydanticUndefined

The **good news** is that with each different strategy there's a way to cover all of the deployment concepts. 🎉

Let's review these **deployment concepts** in terms of containers:

* HTTPS
* Running on startup
* Restarts
* Replication (the number of processes running)
* Memory

    app = FastAPI()
    with pytest.raises(FastAPIError) as e:

        @app.get("/")
        def read_root() -> Union[Response, None]:
            return Response(content="Foo")  # pragma: no cover

    assert "valid Pydantic field type" in e.value.args[0]
    assert "parameter response_model=None" in e.value.args[0]


def test_openapi_schema():
    response = client.get("/openapi.json")