app = FastAPI()


def fake_hash_password(password: str):
    return "fakehashed" + password


oauth2_scheme = OAuth2PasswordBearer(tokenUrl="token")


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: Union[str, None] = None
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None
    disabled: Union[bool, None] = None


class UserInDB(User):
    hashed_password: str


def get_user(db, username: str):

app = FastAPI()


class UserBase(BaseModel):
    username: str
    email: EmailStr
    full_name: str | None = None


class UserIn(UserBase):
    password: str


class UserOut(UserBase):
    pass


class UserInDB(UserBase):
    hashed_password: str


def fake_password_hasher(raw_password: str):
    return "supersecret" + raw_password


def fake_save_user(user_in: UserIn):

        ),
    ]


class HTTPBase(SecurityBase):
    def __init__(
        self,
        *,
        scheme: str,
        scheme_name: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
        auto_error: bool = True,
    ):
        self.model = HTTPBaseModel(scheme=scheme, description=description)
        self.scheme_name = scheme_name or self.__class__.__name__
        self.auto_error = auto_error

from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: Union[str, None] = None
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: Union[float, None] = None
    tax: float = 10.5
    tags: list[str] = []


items = {
    "foo": {"name": "Foo", "price": 50.2},
    "bar": {"name": "Bar", "description": "The bartenders", "price": 62, "tax": 20.2},

class ItemBase(BaseModel):
    title: str
    description: str | None = None


class ItemCreate(ItemBase):
    pass


class Item(ItemBase):
    id: int
    owner_id: int

    class Config:
        orm_mode = True


class UserBase(BaseModel):
    email: str


class UserCreate(UserBase):
    password: str


class User(UserBase):
    id: int
    is_active: bool

{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
```

Использование `Optional[str]` вместо просто `str` позволит редактору помочь вам в обнаружении ошибок, в которых вы могли бы предположить, что значение всегда является `str`, хотя на самом деле это может быть и `None`.

#### Generic-типы

Эти типы принимают параметры в квадратных скобках:

* `List`
* `Tuple`
* `Set`
* `Dict`
* `Optional`
* ...и др.

⚫️ ✊ 📇 ⚗ 1️⃣ 📖 🔠 🔖.

🔠 📖 💪 🔌:

* `name` (**✔**): `str` ⏮️ 🎏 📛 👆 ⚙️ `tags` 🔢 👆 *➡ 🛠️* & `APIRouter`Ⓜ.
* `description`: `str` ⏮️ 📏 📛 🔖. ⚫️ 💪 ✔️ ✍ & 🔜 🎦 🩺 🎚.
* `externalDocs`: `dict` 🔬 🔢 🧾 ⏮️:
    * `description`: `str` ⏮️ 📏 📛 🔢 🩺.
    * `url` (**✔**): `str` ⏮️ 📛 🔢 🧾.

### ✍ 🗃 🔖

➡️ 🔄 👈 🖼 ⏮️ 🔖 `users` & `items`.

from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()


class Image(BaseModel):
    url: HttpUrl
    name: str


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None
    tags: Set[str] = set()
    images: Union[List[Image], None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item):

from fastapi import Body, FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Union[str, None] = None
    price: float
    tax: Union[float, None] = None


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str
    full_name: Union[str, None] = None


@app.put("/items/{item_id}")
async def update_item(item_id: int, item: Item, user: User, importance: int = Body()):

    return not (current_status_code < 200 or current_status_code in {204, 205, 304})


def get_path_param_names(path: str) -> Set[str]:
    return set(re.findall("{(.*?)}", path))


def create_response_field(
    name: str,
    type_: Type[Any],
    class_validators: Optional[Dict[str, Validator]] = None,
    default: Optional[Any] = Undefined,
    required: Union[bool, UndefinedType] = Undefined,