* `int`
* `float`
* `str`
* `bool`

But you can also use more complex data types.

And you will still have the same features as seen up to now:

* Great editor support.
* Data conversion from incoming requests.
* Data conversion for response data.
* Data validation.
* Automatic annotation and documentation.

## Other data types

    But a dotenv file doesn't really have to have that exact filename.

Pydantic has support for reading from these types of files using an external library. You can read more at <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/pydantic_settings/#dotenv-env-support" class="external-link" target="_blank">Pydantic Settings: Dotenv (.env) support</a>.

!!! tip
    For this to work, you need to `pip install python-dotenv`.

!!! note
    Você só pode usar `await` dentro de funções criadas com `async def`.

---

Se você está usando biblioteca de terceiros que se comunica com alguma coisa (um banco de dados, uma API, sistema de arquivos etc) e não tem suporte para utilizar `await` (esse é atualmente o caso para a maioria das bibliotecas de banco de dados), então declare suas *funções de operação de rota* normalmente, com apenas `def`, como:

```Python hl_lines="2"
@app.get('/')

    Vous pouvez uniquement utiliser `await` dans les fonctions créées avec `async def`.

---

Si vous utilisez une bibliothèque externe qui communique avec quelque chose (une BDD, une API, un système de fichiers, etc.) et qui ne supporte pas l'utilisation d'`await` (ce qui est actuellement le cas pour la majorité des bibliothèques de BDD), alors déclarez vos *fonctions de chemin* normalement, avec le classique `def`, comme ceci :

```Python hl_lines="2"

    'ignore:datetime\.datetime\.utcfromtimestamp\(\) is deprecated and scheduled for removal in a future version\..*:DeprecationWarning:sqlalchemy',
    # TODO: remove after upgrading python-jose to a version that explicitly supports Python 3.12
    # also, if it won't receive an update, consider replacing python-jose with some alternative
    # related issues:
    #   - https://github.com/mpdavis/python-jose/issues/332

## Install `passlib`

PassLib is a great Python package to handle password hashes.

It supports many secure hashing algorithms and utilities to work with them.

The recommended algorithm is "Bcrypt".

So, install PassLib with Bcrypt:

<div class="termy">

```console
$ pip install "passlib[bcrypt]"

```Python hl_lines="6  11  16" title="app/routers/users.py"
{!../../../docs_src/bigger_applications/app/routers/users.py!}
```

You can think of `APIRouter` as a "mini `FastAPI`" class.

All the same options are supported.

All the same `parameters`, `responses`, `dependencies`, `tags`, etc.

!!! tip
    In this example, the variable is called `router`, but you can name it however you want.

* An optional query parameter `limit` that is an `int`, and by default is `100`.

And then it just returns a `dict` containing those values.

!!! info
    FastAPI added support for `Annotated` (and started recommending it) in version 0.95.0.

    If you have an older version, you would get errors when trying to use `Annotated`.

On the other side, there are thousands of users in the chat systems, so there's a high chance you'll find someone to talk to there, almost all the time. 😄

## Sponsor the author

You can also financially support the author (me) through <a href="https://github.com/sponsors/tiangolo" class="external-link" target="_blank">GitHub sponsors</a>.

There you could buy me a coffee ☕️ to say thanks. 😄

You can easily adapt it to any database supported by SQLAlchemy, like:

* PostgreSQL
* MySQL
* SQLite
* Oracle
* Microsoft SQL Server, etc.

In this example, we'll use **SQLite**, because it uses a single file and Python has integrated support. So, you can copy this example and run it as is.