from typing import Optional

from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import APIKeyQuery
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()

api_key = APIKeyQuery(name="key", auto_error=False)


class User(BaseModel):
    username: str


def get_current_user(oauth_header: Optional[str] = Security(api_key)):
    if oauth_header is None:
        return None

    * Add support for type annotations using `Optional` as in `param: Optional[str] = None`. New documentation: [Optional type declarations](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/query-params/#optional-type-declarations).
    * PR [#278](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/278).

## 0.26.0

* Select "Python"
* Run the debugger with the option "`Python: Current File (Integrated Terminal)`".

It will then start the server with your **FastAPI** code, stop at your breakpoints, etc.

Here's how it might look:

<img src="/img/tutorial/debugging/image01.png">

---

If you use Pycharm, you can:

* Open the "Run" menu.
* Select the option "Debug...".
* Then a context menu shows up.

You can import it directly from `fastapi`:

```python
from fastapi import UploadFile
```

::: fastapi.UploadFile
    options:
        members:
            - file
            - filename
            - size
            - headers
            - content_type
            - read
            - write
            - seek

    * Wenn Sie Uvicorn direkt ausführen würden, würden Sie anstelle von `--bind 0.0.0.0:80` (die Gunicorn-Option) stattdessen `--host 0.0.0.0` und `--port 80` verwenden.

In der Ausgabe können Sie sehen, dass die **PID** (Prozess-ID) jedes Prozesses angezeigt wird (es ist nur eine Zahl).

Sie können sehen, dass:

!!! tip
    When you want to define dependencies that should be compatible with both HTTP and WebSockets, you can define a parameter that takes an `HTTPConnection` instead of a `Request` or a `WebSocket`.

::: fastapi.WebSocket
    options:
        members:
            - scope
            - app
            - url
            - base_url
            - headers
            - query_params
            - path_params
            - cookies

        ```

* `--bind`: This tells Gunicorn the IP and the port to listen to, using a colon (`:`) to separate the IP and the port.
    * If you were running Uvicorn directly, instead of `--bind 0.0.0.0:80` (the Gunicorn option) you would use `--host 0.0.0.0` and `--port 80`.

In the output, you can see that it shows the **PID** (process ID) of each process (it's just a number).

You can see that:

    ```

#### Using `Union` or `Optional`

If you are using a Python version below 3.10, here's a tip from my very **subjective** point of view:

* 🚨 Avoid using `Optional[SomeType]`
* Instead ✨ **use `Union[SomeType, None]`** ✨.

    ]

[tool.tiangolo._internal-slim-build.packages.fastapi-slim.project]
name = "fastapi-slim"

[tool.tiangolo._internal-slim-build.packages.fastapi]
include-optional-dependencies = ["standard"]

[tool.tiangolo._internal-slim-build.packages.fastapi.project.optional-dependencies]
all = [
    # # For the test client
    "httpx >=0.23.0",
    # For templates
    "jinja2 >=2.11.2",
    # For forms and file uploads

    Das liegt daran, dass in der Datei `requirements.txt` die lokale Version von FastAPI mit der Option `-e` für die Installation im „editierbaren“ Modus markiert ist.

### Den Code formatieren

Es gibt ein Skript, das, wenn Sie es ausführen, Ihren gesamten Code formatiert und bereinigt:

<div class="termy">