try (InputStream decodingStream = encoding.decodingStream(new StringReader(encoded))) {
      for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
        assertThat(decodingStream.read()).isEqualTo(bytes[i] & 0xFF);
      }
      assertThat(decodingStream.read()).isEqualTo(-1);
    }
  }

  public void testToString() {
    assertThat(base64().toString()).isEqualTo("BaseEncoding.base64().withPadChar('=')");

    char[] buf = new char[DEFAULT_BUF_SIZE];
    int nRead;
    long total = 0;
    while ((nRead = from.read(buf)) != -1) {
      to.write(buf, 0, nRead);
      total += nRead;
    }
    return total;
  }

  /**
   * Reads all characters from a {@link Readable} object into a {@link String}. Does not close the
   * {@code Readable}.
   *
   * @param r the object to read from

    public void clear() {
      ReferenceEntry<K, V> e = head.getNextInWriteQueue();
      while (e != head) {
        ReferenceEntry<K, V> next = e.getNextInWriteQueue();
        nullifyWriteOrder(e);
        e = next;
      }

      head.setNextInWriteQueue(head);
      head.setPreviousInWriteQueue(head);
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<ReferenceEntry<K, V>> iterator() {

    // The stream reports no bytes... importantly, it doesn't read the byte at index 5 when it
    // should be reading the byte at index 10.
    // We could use a custom InputStream instead to make the read start at index 10, but since this
    // is a racy situation anyway, this behavior seems reasonable.
    assertEquals(-1, in.read());
  }

  private static class AppendableByteSource extends ByteSource {

    assertEquals(0, ticker.read());
    assertEquals(10, ticker.read());
    assertEquals(20, ticker.read());
  }

  public void testAutoIncrementStep_millis() {
    FakeTicker ticker = new FakeTicker().setAutoIncrementStep(1, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
    assertEquals(0, ticker.read());
    assertEquals(1000000, ticker.read());
    assertEquals(2000000, ticker.read());
  }

      current = it.next().openStream();
    }
  }

  @Override
  public int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    checkNotNull(cbuf);
    if (current == null) {
      return -1;
    }
    int result = current.read(cbuf, off, len);
    if (result == -1) {
      advance();
      return read(cbuf, off, len);
    }
    return result;
  }

  @Override

    assertEquals(2, lin.available());
    int read = lin.read();
    assertEquals(big[0], read);
    assertEquals(1, lin.available());
    read = lin.read();
    assertEquals(big[1], read);
    assertEquals(0, lin.available());
    read = lin.read();
    assertEquals(-1, read);

    lin.reset();
    byte[] small = new byte[5];
    read = lin.read(small);
    assertEquals(2, read);
    assertEquals(big[0], small[0]);

        .add(new Striped.SmallLazyStriped<ReadWriteLock>(50, READ_WRITE_LOCK_SUPPLIER))
        .add(new Striped.SmallLazyStriped<ReadWriteLock>(64, READ_WRITE_LOCK_SUPPLIER))
        .add(new Striped.LargeLazyStriped<ReadWriteLock>(50, READ_WRITE_LOCK_SUPPLIER))
        .add(new Striped.LargeLazyStriped<ReadWriteLock>(64, READ_WRITE_LOCK_SUPPLIER))
        .add(new Striped.SmallLazyStriped<Lock>(50, LOCK_SUPPLER))

      InputStream in = new FileInputStream(file);
      ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
      byte[] buffer = new byte[100];
      int read;
      while ((read = in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
        out.write(buffer, 0, read);
      }
      return out.toByteArray();
    }
  }

  private static class FileCharSourceFactory extends FileFactory implements CharSourceFactory {

      @Override
      public int read(CharBuffer cbuf) throws IOException {
        return reader.read(cbuf);
      }
    };
  }

  private static Reader getChunkedReader(String input, final int chunk) {
    return new FilterReader(new StringReader(input)) {
      @Override
      public int read(char[] cbuf, int off, int len) throws IOException {
        return super.read(cbuf, off, Math.min(chunk, len));
      }