assertEquals(expected.charAt(0), joinedReader.read());
    CharStreams.skipFully(joinedReader, 1);
    assertEquals(expected.charAt(2), joinedReader.read());
    CharStreams.skipFully(joinedReader, 4);
    assertEquals(expected.charAt(7), joinedReader.read());
    CharStreams.skipFully(joinedReader, 1);
    assertEquals(expected.charAt(9), joinedReader.read());
    assertEquals(-1, joinedReader.read());
  }

    Reader reader = new StringReader(testString);

    assertEquals(testString.charAt(0), reader.read());
    CharStreams.skipFully(reader, 1);
    assertEquals(testString.charAt(2), reader.read());
    CharStreams.skipFully(reader, 2);
    assertEquals(testString.charAt(5), reader.read());

    assertEquals(-1, reader.read());
  }

  public void testAsWriter() {
    // Should wrap Appendable in a new object

    Reader reader = new StringReader(testString);

    assertEquals(testString.charAt(0), reader.read());
    CharStreams.skipFully(reader, 1);
    assertEquals(testString.charAt(2), reader.read());
    CharStreams.skipFully(reader, 2);
    assertEquals(testString.charAt(5), reader.read());

    assertEquals(-1, reader.read());
  }

  public void testAsWriter() {
    // Should wrap Appendable in a new object

  @J2ktIncompatible // serialization
  @GwtIncompatible // serialization
  Object writeReplace() {
    return super.writeReplace();
  }

  // No longer used for new writes, but kept so that old data can still be read.
  @GwtIncompatible // serialization
  @J2ktIncompatible
  @SuppressWarnings("unused")
  private static class SerializedForm<V> implements Serializable {
    final ImmutableMap<?, V> map;

    // The stream reports no bytes... importantly, it doesn't read the byte at index 5 when it
    // should be reading the byte at index 10.
    // We could use a custom InputStream instead to make the read start at index 10, but since this
    // is a racy situation anyway, this behavior seems reasonable.
    assertEquals(-1, in.read());
  }

  private static class AppendableByteSource extends ByteSource {

  public void testOpenStream() throws IOException {
    Reader reader = source.openStream();

    StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
    char[] buf = new char[64];
    int read;
    while ((read = reader.read(buf)) != -1) {
      writer.write(buf, 0, read);
    }
    reader.close();
    writer.close();

    assertExpectedString(writer.toString());
  }

  public void testOpenBufferedStream() throws IOException {

    try (InputStream decodingStream = encoding.decodingStream(new StringReader(encoded))) {
      for (int i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
        assertThat(decodingStream.read()).isEqualTo(bytes[i] & 0xFF);
      }
      assertThat(decodingStream.read()).isEqualTo(-1);
    }
  }

  public void testToString() {
    assertThat(base64().toString()).isEqualTo("BaseEncoding.base64().withPadChar('=')");

  }

  @Override
  public int read() throws IOException {
    while (in != null) {
      int result = in.read();
      if (result != -1) {
        return result;
      }
      advance();
    }
    return -1;
  }

  @Override
  public int read(byte[] b, int off, int len) throws IOException {
    checkNotNull(b);
    while (in != null) {
      int result = in.read(b, off, len);
      if (result != -1) {

  }

  /**
   * Reads all bytes from a URL into a byte array.
   *
   * @param url the URL to read from
   * @return a byte array containing all the bytes from the URL
   * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs
   */
  public static byte[] toByteArray(URL url) throws IOException {
    return asByteSource(url).read();
  }

  /**
   * Reads all characters from a URL into a {@link String}, using the given character set.

    public void clear() {
      ReferenceEntry<K, V> e = head.getNextInWriteQueue();
      while (e != head) {
        ReferenceEntry<K, V> next = e.getNextInWriteQueue();
        nullifyWriteOrder(e);
        e = next;
      }

      head.setNextInWriteQueue(head);
      head.setPreviousInWriteQueue(head);
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<ReferenceEntry<K, V>> iterator() {