int foundIndex) {
        return LAST_PRESENT.resultIndex(comparator, key, list, foundIndex) + 1;
      }
    },
    /**
     * Return the index of the last list element that compares as less than the key, or {@code -1}
     * if there is no such element.
     */
    LAST_BEFORE {
      @Override
      public <E extends @Nullable Object> int resultIndex(
          Comparator<? super E> comparator,

   * Contention and/or table collisions are indicated by failed
   * CASes when performing an update operation (see method
   * retryUpdate). Upon a collision, if the table size is less than
   * the capacity, it is doubled in size unless some other thread
   * holds the lock. If a hashed slot is empty, and lock is
   * available, a new Cell is created. Otherwise, if the slot

        || (stimuli.length >= 5 && removes > 2)) {
      // removes are the most expensive thing to test, since they often throw exceptions with stack
      // traces, so we test them a bit less aggressively
      return;
    }

    MultiExceptionListIterator reference = new MultiExceptionListIterator(expectedElements);
    I target = newTargetIterator();
    for (int i = 0; i < stimuli.length; i++) {

     * Luckily, our nullness checker is smart enough to realize that `convert` has @PolyNull-like
     * behavior, so it knows that `convert(a)` returns a non-nullable value, and we don't need to
     * perform even a cast, much less a runtime check.
     *
     * All that said, don't forget that everyone should call converter.convert() instead of
     * converter.apply(), anyway. If clients use only converter.convert(), then their nullness

     * traverse. When nodes would otherwise be changed, new nodes are created to replace them. This
     * works well for hash tables since the bin lists tend to be short. (The average length is less
     * than two.)
     *
     * Read operations can thus proceed without locking, but rely on selected uses of volatiles to
     * ensure that completed write operations performed by other threads are noticed. For most

   * part of the smeared hash of the element not covered by the hashtable mask, whereas the low bits
   * are the "next" pointer (pointing to the next entry in the bucket chain), which will always be
   * less than or equal to the hashtable mask.
   *
   * <pre>
   * hash  = aaaaaaaa
   * mask  = 00000fff
   * next  = 00000bbb
   * entry = aaaaabbb
   * </pre>
   *

    try {
      Preconditions.checkElementIndex(1, 1);
      fail();
    } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException expected) {
      assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo("index (1) must be less than size (1)");
    }
  }

  public void testCheckElementIndex_withDesc_negative() {
    try {
      Preconditions.checkElementIndex(-1, 1, "foo");
      fail();

  @CheckForNull
  public abstract C next(C value);

  /**
   * Returns the unique greatest value of type {@code C} that is less than {@code value}, or {@code
   * null} if none exists. Inverse operation to {@link #next}.
   *
   * @param value any value of type {@code C}
   * @return the greatest value less than {@code value}, or {@code null} if {@code value} is {@code
   *     minValue()}
   */
  @CheckForNull

   * Math#min(float, float)}.
   *
   * @param array a <i>nonempty</i> array of {@code float} values
   * @return the value present in {@code array} that is less than or equal to every other value in
   *     the array
   * @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code array} is empty
   */
  @GwtIncompatible(

   *
   * @param a the first unsigned {@code int} to compare
   * @param b the second unsigned {@code int} to compare
   * @return a negative value if {@code a} is less than {@code b}; a positive value if {@code a} is
   *     greater than {@code b}; or zero if they are equal
   */
  public static int compare(int a, int b) {
    return Ints.compare(flip(a), flip(b));
  }

  /**