import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
import java.lang.reflect.Type;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.io.StringWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
import java.lang.reflect.Array;

      }
    }
  }

  private enum Gender {
    MALE,
    FEMALE
  }

  private static class AllDefaultValuesChecker extends DefaultValueChecker {

    @SuppressWarnings("unused") // called by NullPointerTester
    public void checkDefaultValuesForTheseTypes(
        Gender gender,
        Integer integer,
        int i,
        String string,

      placeholder: |
        e.g.,
        public static <E> ImmutableList<E> of();
        public static <E> ImmutableList<E> of(E element);
        public static <E> ImmutableList<E> of(E e1, E e2);
        ...
      render: java
    validations:
      required: false

  - type: markdown
    attributes:
      value: >
        #### Ubiquity: provide concrete use cases

import java.io.BufferedInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Iterator;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.Nullable;

/**

 * @author Colin Decker
 * @since 1.0
 */
@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
public final class Files {

  private Files() {}

  /**
   * Returns a buffered reader that reads from a file using the given character set.
   *
   * <p><b>{@link java.nio.file.Path} equivalent:</b> {@link
   * java.nio.file.Files#newBufferedReader(java.nio.file.Path, Charset)}.
   *

      // But in gcd(a - b, b), a - b is even and b is odd, so we can divide out powers of two.

      // We bend over backwards to avoid branching, adapting a technique from
      // http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#IntegerMinOrMax

      int delta = a - b; // can't overflow, since a and b are nonnegative

      int minDeltaOrZero = delta & (delta >> (Integer.SIZE - 1));
      // equivalent to Math.min(delta, 0)

        queue[parentIndex] = x;
        return parentIndex;
      }
      queue[index] = x;
      return index;
    }

    // About the term "aunt node": it's better to leave gender out of it, but for this the English
    // language has nothing for us. Except for the whimsical neologism "pibling" (!) which we
    // obviously could not expect to increase anyone's understanding of the code.

    /**

       * about one-sixth of them need cloning when a table doubles. The nodes they replace will be
       * garbage collectable as soon as they are no longer referenced by any reader thread that may
       * be in the midst of traversing table right now.
       */

      int newCount = count;
      AtomicReferenceArray<E> newTable = newEntryArray(oldCapacity << 1);

    CharSequenceReader reader = new CharSequenceReader(string);
    assertTrue(reader.markSupported());

    assertEquals(string, readFully(reader));
    assertFullyRead(reader);

    // reset and read again
    reader.reset();
    assertEquals(string, readFully(reader));
    assertFullyRead(reader);

    // reset, skip, mark, then read the rest
    reader.reset();
    assertEquals(5, reader.skip(5));