Birthday: Now(),
		Active:   true,
	}}

	if err := DB.Create(&users).Error; err != nil {
		t.Errorf("errors happened when create: %v", err)
	}

	var name string
	var total int
	if err := DB.Model(&User{}).Select("name, sum(age)").Where("name = ?", "groupby").Group("name").Row().Scan(&name, &total); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("no error should happen, but got %v", err)
	}

	if name != "groupby" || total != 60 {

	if err := DB.AutoMigrate(&Harumph{}); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to migrate with default value, got error: %v", err)
	}

	harumph := Harumph{Email: "******@****.***"}
	if err := DB.Create(&harumph).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to create data with default value, got error: %v", err)

		t.Fatalf("Failed to find address, got error %v, length: %v", err, len(addresses1))
	}

	if err := DB.Model(&person).Association("Addresses").Delete(&person.Addresses[0]); err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to delete address, got error %v", err)
	}

	if len(person.Addresses) != 1 {
		t.Fatalf("Should have one address left")
	}

type ClauseBuilder func(Clause, Builder)

type Writer interface {
	WriteByte(byte) error
	WriteString(string) (int, error)
}

// Builder builder interface
type Builder interface {
	Writer
	WriteQuoted(field interface{})
	AddVar(Writer, ...interface{})
	AddError(error) error
}

// Clause
type Clause struct {
	Name                string // WHERE
	BeforeExpression    Expression

type UserWithCallback struct{}

func (UserWithCallback) BeforeSave(*gorm.DB) error {
	return nil
}

func (UserWithCallback) AfterCreate(*gorm.DB) error {
	return nil
}

func TestCallback(t *testing.T) {
	user, err := schema.Parse(&UserWithCallback{}, &sync.Map{}, schema.NamingStrategy{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to parse user with callback, got error %v", err)
	}

// Value return a Unix time.
func (n ModifyAt) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
	if !n.Valid {
		return nil, nil
	}
	return n.Time.Unix(), nil
}

func TestAssertEqual(t *testing.T) {
	now := time.Now()
	assertEqualTests := []struct {
		name     string
		src, dst interface{}
		out      bool
	}{
		{"error equal", errors.New("1"), errors.New("1"), true},
		{"error not equal", errors.New("1"), errors.New("2"), false},

}

func TestParseCheck(t *testing.T) {
	user, err := schema.Parse(&UserCheck{}, &sync.Map{}, schema.NamingStrategy{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to parse user check, got error %v", err)
	}

	results := map[string]schema.CheckConstraint{
		"name_checker": {
			Name:       "name_checker",
			Constraint: "name <> 'jinzhu'",
		},
		"chk_user_checks_name2": {

		Labels: []Label{
			{Name: "region", Value: "emea"},
		},
	}

	DB.Create(&book)

	var result Book
	if err := DB.Preload("Labels").First(&result, book.ID).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to preload, got error %v", err)
	}

	AssertEqual(t, book, result)

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

// BeforeCreate before create hooks
func BeforeCreate(db *gorm.DB) {
	if db.Error == nil && db.Statement.Schema != nil && !db.Statement.SkipHooks && (db.Statement.Schema.BeforeSave || db.Statement.Schema.BeforeCreate) {
		callMethod(db, func(value interface{}, tx *gorm.DB) (called bool) {

		db, _ := gorm.Open(postgres.Open(postgresDSN), &gorm.Config{})
		user, err := schema.Parse(&LongString{}, &sync.Map{}, db.Config.NamingStrategy)
		if err != nil {
			t.Fatalf("failed to parse user unique, got error %v", err)
		}

		constraints := user.ParseUniqueConstraints()
		if len(constraints) != 1 {
			t.Fatalf("failed to find unique constraint, got %v", constraints)
		}

		for key := range constraints {