"type": "int_parsing",
      "loc": [
        "path",
        "item_id"
      ],
      "msg": "Input should be a valid integer, unable to parse string as an integer",
      "input": "foo",
      "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.1/v/int_parsing"
    }
  ]
}
```

Çünkü burada `item_id` yol parametresi `int` tipinde bir değer beklerken `"foo"` yani `string` tipinde bir değer almıştı.

http://%30%78%63%30%2e%30%32%35%30.01  s:http p:/ h:192.168.0.1
http://%30%78%63%30%2e%30%32%35%30.01%2e  s:http p:/ h:0xc0.0250.01.
http://192.168.0.257

# Invalid escaping should trigger the regular host error handling.
http://%3g%78%63%30%2e%30%32%35%30%2E.01

# Something that isn't exactly an IP should get treated as a host and
# spaces escaped.
http://192.168.0.1\shello

    <module>maven-artifact</module>
    <module>maven-artifact-manager</module>
    <module>maven-artifact-ant</module>
    <module>maven-artifact-test</module>
    <module>maven-core</module>
    <module>maven-error-diagnostics</module>
    <module>maven-model</module>
    <module>maven-monitor</module>
    <module>maven-plugin-api</module>
    <module>maven-plugin-descriptor</module>

## Verify the `username` and data shape

We verify that we get a `username`, and extract the scopes.

And then we validate that data with the Pydantic model (catching the `ValidationError` exception), and if we get an error reading the JWT token or validating the data with Pydantic, we raise the `HTTPException` we created before.

For that, we update the Pydantic model `TokenData` with a new property `scopes`.

  // Reason is optional.  It indicates why a request was allowed or denied.
  // +optional
  optional string reason = 2;

  // EvaluationError is an indication that some error occurred during the authorization check.
  // It is entirely possible to get an error and be able to continue determine authorization status in spite of it.
  // For instance, RBAC can be missing a role, but enough roles are still present and bound to reason about the request.

* **Валидации** ответа.
  * Если данные невалидны (например, отсутствует одно из полей), это означает, что код *вашего* приложения работает некорректно и функция возвращает не то, что вы ожидаете. В таком случае приложение вернет server error вместо того, чтобы отправить неправильные данные. Таким образом, вы и ваши пользователи можете быть уверены, что получите корректные данные в том виде, в котором они ожидаются.

          3,
          'B'.code,
          'a'.code,
          'R'.code,
        ),
      ).readHeaders()
    }.also { expected ->
      assertThat(expected.message).isEqualTo(
        "PROTOCOL_ERROR response malformed: mixed case name: Foo",
      )
    }
  }

  @Test
  fun emptyHeaderName() {
    hpackWriter!!.writeByteString("".encodeUtf8())
    assertBytes(0)

import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.checker.SimpleClassicTypeSystemContext.eraseContainingTypeParameters
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.error.ErrorType
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.error.ErrorTypeKind
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.error.ErrorUtils

internal val MemberDescriptor.ktSymbolKind: KtSymbolKind
    get() {
        return when (this) {

    opt raise
        dep -->> handler: Raise HTTPException
        handler -->> client: HTTP error response
        dep -->> dep: Raise other exception
    end
    dep ->> operation: Run dependency, e.g. DB session
    opt raise
        operation -->> handler: Raise HTTPException
        handler -->> client: HTTP error response
        operation -->> dep: Raise other exception
    end

http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo-item
```

...without adding the required parameter `needy`, you will see an error like:

```JSON
{
  "detail": [
    {
      "type": "missing",
      "loc": [
        "query",
        "needy"
      ],
      "msg": "Field required",
      "input": null,
      "url": "https://errors.pydantic.dev/2.1/v/missing"
    }
  ]
}
```