This is just a **quick tutorial / refresher** about Python type hints. It covers only the minimum necessary to use them with **FastAPI**... which is actually very little.

**FastAPI** is all based on these type hints, they give it many advantages and benefits.

But even if you never use **FastAPI**, you would benefit from learning a bit about them.

!!! note

### Sicherheit und Authentifizierung

Sicherheit und Authentifizierung ist integriert. Ohne Kompromisse bei Datenbanken oder Datenmodellen.

Alle in OpenAPI definierten Sicherheitsschemas, inklusive:

* HTTP Basic Authentifizierung.
* **OAuth2** (auch mit **JWT Tokens**). Siehe dazu das Tutorial zu [OAuth2 mit JWT](tutorial/security/oauth2-jwt.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.
* API Schlüssel in:
    * Header-Feldern.

Having **HTTPS** is very important, and quite **critical** in most cases. Most of the effort you as a developer have to put around HTTPS is just about **understanding these concepts** and how they work.

But once you know the basic information of **HTTPS for developers** you can easily combine and configure different tools to help you manage everything in a simple way.

OAuth2 还支持客户端发送**`scope`**表单字段。

虽然表单字段的名称是 `scope`（单数），但实际上，它是以空格分隔的，由多个**scope**组成的长字符串。

**作用域**只是不带空格的字符串。

常用于声明指定安全权限，例如：

* 常见用例为，`users:read` 或 `users:write`
* 脸书和 Instagram 使用 `instagram_basic`
* 谷歌使用 `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive`

!!! info "说明"

    OAuth2 中，**作用域**只是声明指定权限的字符串。

    是否使用冒号 `:` 等符号，或是不是 URL 并不重要。

    这些细节只是特定的实现方式。

    对 OAuth2 来说，都只是字符串而已。

    **FastAPI** will know that it can use the class `OAuth2PasswordBearer` (declared in a dependency) to define the security scheme in OpenAPI because it inherits from `fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`, which in turn inherits from `fastapi.security.base.SecurityBase`.

    All the security utilities that integrate with OpenAPI (and the automatic API docs) inherit from `SecurityBase`, that's how **FastAPI** can know how to integrate them in OpenAPI.

## What it does

🔌 💬 👈 👩‍💻 💪 📨 ➕1️⃣ 📨 🏑 "`scope`".

📨 🏑 📛 `scope` (⭐), ✋️ ⚫️ 🤙 📏 🎻 ⏮️ "↔" 🎏 🚀.

🔠 "↔" 🎻 (🍵 🚀).

👫 🛎 ⚙️ 📣 🎯 💂‍♂ ✔, 🖼:

* `users:read` ⚖️ `users:write` ⚠ 🖼.
* `instagram_basic` ⚙️ 👱📔 / 👱📔.
* `https://www.googleapis.com/auth/drive` ⚙️ 🇺🇸🔍.

!!! info
    Oauth2️⃣ "↔" 🎻 👈 📣 🎯 ✔ ✔.

    ⚫️ 🚫 🤔 🚥 ⚫️ ✔️ 🎏 🦹 💖 `:` ⚖️ 🚥 ⚫️ 📛.

    👈 ℹ 🛠️ 🎯.

    Oauth2️⃣ 👫 🎻.

!!! info "技術詳細"
    **FastAPI**は、`OAuth2PasswordBearer` クラス (依存関係で宣言されている) を使用してOpenAPIのセキュリティスキームを定義できることを知っています。これは`fastapi.security.oauth2.OAuth2`、`fastapi.security.base.SecurityBase`を継承しているからです。

    OpenAPIと統合するセキュリティユーティリティ (および自動APIドキュメント) はすべて`SecurityBase`を継承しています。それにより、**FastAPI**はそれらをOpenAPIに統合する方法を知ることができます。

## どのように動作するか

```

#### Raspberry Pi e outras arquiteturas

Se você estiver rodando Docker em um Raspberry Pi (que possui um processador ARM) ou qualquer outra arquitetura, você pode criar um `Dockerfile` do zero, baseado em uma imagem base Python (que é multi-arquitetural) e utilizar Uvicorn sozinho.

Nesse caso, seu `Dockerfile` poderia parecer assim:

```Dockerfile
FROM python:3.7

RUN pip install fastapi uvicorn

EXPOSE 80

* Nagyon hatékony és erős **<abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">Függőség Injekció</abbr>** rendszerek.
* Biztonság és autentikáció beleértve, **OAuth2**, **JWT tokens** és **HTTP Basic** támogatást.
* Több haladó (de ugyanannyira könnyű) technika **mélyen ágyazott JSON modellek deklarációjára** (Pydantic-nek köszönhetően).

- একটি খুব শক্তিশালী এবং ব্যবহার করা সহজ <abbr title="also known as components, resources, providers, services, injectables">ডিপেন্ডেন্সি ইনজেকশন</abbr> পদ্ধতি
- **OAuth2** এবং **JWT টোকেন** এবং **HTTP Basic** auth সহ নিরাপত্তা এবং অনুমোদনপ্রাপ্তি সম্পর্কিত বিষয়সমূহের উপর।
- **গভীরভাবে অবস্থানরত JSON মডেল** ঘোষণা করার জন্য আরও উন্নত (কিন্তু সমান সহজ) কৌশল (Pydantic কে ধন্যবাদ)।
- আরো অতিরিক্ত বৈশিষ্ট্য (স্টারলেটকে ধন্যবাদ) হিসাবে: