⚫️ 🏆 🚫 🎦 🆙 🧾, ✋️ 🎏 🧰 (✅ 🐉) 🔜 💪 ⚙️ 🎂.

```Python hl_lines="19-29"
{!../../../docs_src/path_operation_advanced_configuration/tutorial004.py!}
```

## 🌖 📨

👆 🎲 ✔️ 👀 ❔ 📣 `response_model` & `status_code` *➡ 🛠️*.

👈 🔬 🗃 🔃 👑 📨 *➡ 🛠️*.

👆 💪 📣 🌖 📨 ⏮️ 👫 🏷, 👔 📟, ♒️.

📤 🎂 📃 📥 🧾 🔃 ⚫️, 👆 💪 ✍ ⚫️ [🌖 📨 🗄](additional-responses.md){.internal-link target=_blank}.

## 🗄 ➕

* Fix type declaration of `response_model` to allow generic Python types as `List[Model]`. Mainly to fix `mypy` for users. PR [#266](https://github.com/tiangolo/fastapi/pull/266).

## 0.25.0

* Add support for Pydantic's `include`, `exclude`, `by_alias`.
    * Update documentation: [Response Model](https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/tutorial/response-model/#response_model_include-and-response_model_exclude).

!!! check "Inspired **FastAPI** to"
    Define extra validations for data types using the "default" value of model attributes. This improves editor support, and it was not available in Pydantic before.

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image01.png">

이를 필요로 하는 각각의 *경로 작동*내부의 API 문서에도 사용됩니다:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image02.png">

## 편집기 지원

편집기에서, 함수 내에서 타입 힌트와 완성을 어디서나 (만약 Pydantic model 대신에 `dict`을 받을 경우 나타나지 않을 수 있습니다) 받을 수 있습니다:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image03.png">

잘못된 타입 연산에 대한 에러 확인도 받을 수 있습니다:

<img src="/img/tutorial/body/image04.png">

`RequestValidationError` 是 Pydantic 的 <a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#error-handling" class="external-link" target="_blank">`ValidationError`</a> 的子类。

**FastAPI** 调用的就是 `RequestValidationError` 类，因此，如果在 `response_model` 中使用 Pydantic 模型，且数据有错误时，在日志中就会看到这个错误。

但客户端或用户看不到这个错误。反之，客户端接收到的是 HTTP 状态码为 `500` 的「内部服务器错误」。

这是因为在*响应*或代码（不是在客户端的请求里）中出现的 Pydantic `ValidationError` 是代码的 bug。

修复错误时，客户端或用户不能访问错误的内部信息，否则会造成安全隐患。

这样，而不是仅仅试图从`dict`上 `id` 中获取值，如下所示：

```Python
id = data["id"]
```

尝试从属性中获取它，如：

```Python
id = data.id
```

有了这个，Pydantic*模型*与 ORM 兼容，您只需在*路径操作*`response_model`的参数中声明它即可。

您将能够返回一个数据库模型，它将从中读取数据。

#### ORM 模式的技术细节

SQLAlchemy 和许多其他默认情况下是“延迟加载”。

这意味着，例如，除非您尝试访问包含该数据的属性，否则它们不会从数据库中获取关系数据。

例如，访问属性`items`：

```Python
current_user.items

# 通用 - 如何操作 - 诀窍

这里是一些指向文档中其他部分的链接，用于解答一般性或常见问题。

## 数据过滤 - 安全性

为确保不返回超过需要的数据，请阅读 [教程 - 响应模型 - 返回类型](../tutorial/response-model.md){.internal-link target=_blank} 文档。

## 文档的标签 - OpenAPI

在文档界面中添加**路径操作**的标签和进行分组，请阅读 [教程 - 路径操作配置 - Tags 参数](../tutorial/path-operation-configuration.md#tags){.internal-link target=_blank} 文档。

## 文档的概要和描述 - OpenAPI

Many packages that simplify it a lot have to make many compromises with the data model, database, and available features. And some of these packages that simplify things too much actually have security flaws underneath.

---

**FastAPI** doesn't make any compromise with any database, data model or tool.

It gives you all the flexibility to choose the ones that fit your project the best.

```

### ✍ ⏲ *➡ 🛠️*

✍ ⏲ *➡ 🛠️* ⚙️ 🎏 `APIRouter` 👆 ✍ 🔛.

⚫️ 🔜 👀 💖 😐 FastAPI *➡ 🛠️*:

* ⚫️ 🔜 🎲 ✔️ 📄 💪 ⚫️ 🔜 📨, ✅ `body: InvoiceEvent`.
*  & ⚫️ 💪 ✔️ 📄 📨 ⚫️ 🔜 📨, ✅ `response_model=InvoiceEventReceived`.

```Python hl_lines="16-18  21-22  28-32"
{!../../../docs_src/openapi_callbacks/tutorial001.py!}
```

📤 2️⃣ 👑 🔺 ⚪️➡️ 😐 *➡ 🛠️*:

<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image03.png">

!!! tip
    Notice the autocompletion for `name` and `price`, that was defined in the FastAPI application, in the `Item` model.

You will have inline errors for the data that you send:

<img src="/img/tutorial/generate-clients/image04.png">

The response object will also have autocompletion: