response_model: Any = Default(None),
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
        responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel

app = FastAPI()


class SubModel(BaseModel):
    a: Optional[str] = "foo"


class Model(BaseModel):
    x: Optional[int] = None
    sub: SubModel


class ModelSubclass(Model):
    y: int
    z: int = 0
    w: Optional[int] = None


class ModelDefaults(BaseModel):

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI
from pydantic import BaseModel


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None


app = FastAPI(separate_input_output_schemas=False)


@app.post("/items/")
def create_item(item: Item):
    return item


@app.get("/items/")
def read_items() -> list[Item]:
    return [
        Item(
            name="Portal Gun",

from typing import Optional

from fastapi import FastAPI, Security
from fastapi.security import OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()

oauth2_scheme = OAuth2AuthorizationCodeBearer(
    authorizationUrl="authorize",
    tokenUrl="token",
    description="OAuth2 Code Bearer",
    auto_error=True,
)


@app.get("/items/")

        response_model: Any = Default(None),
        status_code: Optional[int] = None,
        tags: Optional[List[Union[str, Enum]]] = None,
        dependencies: Optional[Sequence[params.Depends]] = None,
        summary: Optional[str] = None,
        description: Optional[str] = None,
        response_description: str = "Successful Response",
        responses: Optional[Dict[Union[int, str], Dict[str, Any]]] = None,

            ),
        ],
        scheme_name: Annotated[
            Optional[str],
            Doc(
                """
                Security scheme name.

                It will be included in the generated OpenAPI (e.g. visible at `/docs`).
                """
            ),
        ] = None,
        description: Annotated[
            Optional[str],
            Doc(
                """

        ),
    ] = "https://fastapi.tiangolo.com/img/favicon.png",
    oauth2_redirect_url: Annotated[
        Optional[str],
        Doc(
            """
            The OAuth2 redirect URL, it is normally automatically handled by FastAPI.
            """
        ),
    ] = None,
    init_oauth: Annotated[
        Optional[Dict[str, Any]],
        Doc(
            """

from typing import Optional

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi import APIRouter, FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, HttpUrl

app = FastAPI()


class Invoice(BaseModel):
    id: str
    title: Optional[str] = None
    customer: str
    total: float


class InvoiceEvent(BaseModel):
    description: str
    paid: bool


class InvoiceEventReceived(BaseModel):

@item_router.get("/")
def get_items(user_id: Optional[str] = None):
    if user_id is None:
        return [{"item_id": "i1", "user_id": "u1"}, {"item_id": "i2", "user_id": "u2"}]
    else:
        return [{"item_id": "i2", "user_id": user_id}]


@item_router.get("/{item_id}")
def get_item(item_id: str, user_id: Optional[str] = None):
    if user_id is None:
        return {"item_id": item_id}
    else:

        BinaryIO,
        Doc("The standard Python file object (non-async)."),
    ]
    filename: Annotated[Optional[str], Doc("The original file name.")]
    size: Annotated[Optional[int], Doc("The size of the file in bytes.")]
    headers: Annotated[Headers, Doc("The headers of the request.")]
    content_type: Annotated[
        Optional[str], Doc("The content type of the request, from the headers.")
    ]

    async def write(
        self,