*
   * <ol>
   *   <li>calls {@link ExecutorService#shutdown()}, disabling acceptance of new submitted tasks.
   *   <li>awaits executor service termination for half of the specified timeout.
   *   <li>if the timeout expires, it calls {@link ExecutorService#shutdownNow()}, cancelling
   *       pending tasks and interrupting running tasks.

   *
   * <ol>
   *   <li>The state of the RateLimiter (storedPermits) is a vertical line in this figure.
   *   <li>When the RateLimiter is not used, this goes right (up to maxPermits)
   *   <li>When the RateLimiter is used, this goes left (down to zero), since if we have
   *       storedPermits, we serve from those first

 *
 * <p>Some uses of this class include
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>As a method return type, as an alternative to returning {@code null} to indicate that no
 *       value was available
 *   <li>To distinguish between "unknown" (for example, not present in a map) and "known to have no
 *       value" (present in the map, with value {@code Optional.absent()})

 *       defined this way, but enough to live with.
 *   <li>If you override {@link #setUp} or {@link #tearDown}, make sure to invoke {@code
 *       super.setUp} and {@code super.tearDown} within them. These methods are used to clear and
 *       check for thread assertion failures.
 *   <li>All delays and timeouts must use one of the constants {@code SHORT_DELAY_MS}, {@code

   * instead.
   *
   * <p>The specifier must be in one of these formats:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>A domain name, like {@code google.com}
   *   <li>A IPv4 address string, like {@code 127.0.0.1}
   *   <li>An IPv6 address string with or without brackets, like {@code [2001:db8::1]} or {@code
   *       2001:db8::1}
   * </ul>
   *

   *
   * <p>returns a list containing six lists in the following order:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>{@code ImmutableList.of(1, "A")}
   *   <li>{@code ImmutableList.of(1, "B")}
   *   <li>{@code ImmutableList.of(1, "C")}
   *   <li>{@code ImmutableList.of(2, "A")}
   *   <li>{@code ImmutableList.of(2, "B")}
   *   <li>{@code ImmutableList.of(2, "C")}
   * </ul>
   *

 * multiset. Undefined behavior and bugs will result.
 *
 * <h3>Implementations</h3>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link ImmutableMultiset}
 *   <li>{@link ImmutableSortedMultiset}
 *   <li>{@link HashMultiset}
 *   <li>{@link LinkedHashMultiset}
 *   <li>{@link TreeMultiset}
 *   <li>{@link EnumMultiset}
 *   <li>{@link ConcurrentHashMultiset}
 * </ul>
 *

   * class documentation above). This method is <i>generally expected</i>, but not absolutely
   * required, to have the following properties:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>Its execution does not cause any observable side effects.
   *   <li>The computation is <i>consistent with equals</i>; that is, {@link Objects#equal
   *       Objects.equal}{@code (a, b)} implies that {@code predicate.apply(a) ==
   *       predicate.apply(b))}.

 * and a primitive type and its corresponding wrapper type may map to different values.
 *
 * <h3>Implementations</h3>
 *
 * <ul>
 *   <li>{@link ImmutableClassToInstanceMap}
 *   <li>{@link MutableClassToInstanceMap}
 * </ul>
 *
 * <p>To map a generic type to an instance of that type, use {@link
 * com.google.common.reflect.TypeToInstanceMap} instead.
 *

  }

  /**
   * Returns a fresh instance for {@code type} if possible. The returned instance could be:
   *
   * <ul>
   *   <li>exactly of the given type, including generic type parameters, such as {@code
   *       ImmutableList<String>};
   *   <li>of the raw type;
   *   <li>null if no value can be generated.
   * </ul>
   */
  final @Nullable Object generateFresh(TypeToken<?> type) {