newDB.Clauses(
		clause.From{
			Tables: []clause.Table{{Name: "users"}},
			Joins: []clause.Join{
				{
					Table: clause.Table{Name: "companies", Raw: false},
					ON: clause.Where{
						Exprs: []clause.Expression{
							clause.Eq{
								Column: clause.Column{
									Table: "users",
									Name:  "company_id",
								},
								Value: clause.Column{
									Table: "companies",
									Name:  "id",

		t.Fatalf("Build Order condition, but got %v", result.Statement.SQL.String())
	}

	stmt := dryDB.Clauses(clause.OrderBy{
		Expression: clause.Expr{SQL: "FIELD(id,?)", Vars: []interface{}{[]int{1, 2, 3}}, WithoutParentheses: true},
	}).Find(&User{}).Statement

	explainedSQL := dryDB.Dialector.Explain(stmt.SQL.String(), stmt.Vars...)

		message:    "Did not find the expected identifier for AT name in the SQL expression.",
		statusCode: 400,
		cause:      err,
	}
}

func errParseCannotMixSqbAndWildcardInSelectList(err error) *s3Error {
	return &s3Error{
		code:       "ParseCannotMixSqbAndWildcardInSelectList",
		message:    "Cannot mix [] and * in the same expression in a SELECT list in SQL expression.",
		statusCode: 400,
		cause:      err,
	}
}

				// looks like a where condition
				return []clause.Expression{clause.Expr{SQL: s, Vars: args}}
			}

			if len(args) > 0 && strings.Contains(s, "@") {
				// looks like a named query
				return []clause.Expression{clause.NamedExpr{SQL: s, Vars: args}}
			}

			if strings.Contains(strings.TrimSpace(s), " ") {
				// looks like a where condition
				return []clause.Expression{clause.Expr{SQL: s, Vars: args}}
			}

}

func (err *s3Error) Error() string {
	return err.message
}

func errInvalidDataType(err error) *s3Error {
	return &s3Error{
		code:       "InvalidDataType",
		message:    "The SQL expression contains an invalid data type.",
		statusCode: 400,
		cause:      err,
	}
}

func errIncorrectSQLFunctionArgumentType(err error) *s3Error {
	return &s3Error{
		code:       "IncorrectSqlFunctionArgumentType",

		}
	}
	return
}

func hasReturning(tx *gorm.DB, supportReturning bool) (bool, gorm.ScanMode) {
	if supportReturning {
		if c, ok := tx.Statement.Clauses["RETURNING"]; ok {
			returning, _ := c.Expression.(clause.Returning)
			if len(returning.Columns) == 0 || (len(returning.Columns) == 1 && returning.Columns[0].Name == "*") {
				return true, 0
			}
			return true, gorm.ScanUpdate
		}
	}
	return false, 0

					stmt.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.IN{Column: column, Values: values}}})
				}
			}
		case reflect.Struct:
			for _, field := range stmt.Schema.PrimaryFields {
				if value, isZero := field.ValueOf(stmt.Context, stmt.ReflectValue); !isZero {
					stmt.AddClause(clause.Where{Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.Eq{Column: field.DBName, Value: value}}})
				}
			}
		}
	}

				},
			},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` ORDER BY `name`", nil,
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{
				clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.OrderBy{
					Expression: clause.Expr{SQL: "FIELD(id, ?)", Vars: []interface{}{[]int{1, 2, 3}}, WithoutParentheses: true},
				},
			},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` ORDER BY FIELD(id, ?,?,?)",
			[]interface{}{1, 2, 3},
		},
	}

		DeleteClauses:        []string{"DELETE", "FROM", "WHERE", "RETURNING"},
		LastInsertIDReversed: true,
	})

	return nil
}

func (DummyDialector) DefaultValueOf(field *schema.Field) clause.Expression {
	return clause.Expr{SQL: "DEFAULT"}
}

func (DummyDialector) Migrator(*gorm.DB) gorm.Migrator {
	return nil
}

func (DummyDialector) BindVarTo(writer clause.Writer, stmt *gorm.Statement, v interface{}) {

)

// Dialector GORM database dialector
type Dialector interface {
	Name() string
	Initialize(*DB) error
	Migrator(db *DB) Migrator
	DataTypeOf(*schema.Field) string
	DefaultValueOf(*schema.Field) clause.Expression
	BindVarTo(writer clause.Writer, stmt *Statement, v interface{})
	QuoteTo(clause.Writer, string)
	Explain(sql string, vars ...interface{}) string
}

// Plugin GORM plugin interface
type Plugin interface {