* @return the greatest value less than {@code value}, or {@code null} if {@code value} is {@code
   *     minValue()}
   */
  @CheckForNull
  public abstract C previous(C value);

  /**
   * Returns a signed value indicating how many nested invocations of {@link #next} (if positive) or
   * {@link #previous} (if negative) are needed to reach {@code end} starting from {@code start}.

    // One offs
    expected[112] = 786432;
    expected[118] = 786432;
    expected[119] = 1048576;
    expected[120] = 458752;
    expected[121] = 524288;
    expected[122] = 65536;
    // Anything not assigned was the default 0.
    return expected;
  }

  /**
   * Helper to run the loop to test all the permutations for the number of bytes specified.
   *
   * @param numBytes the number of bytes in the byte array

   *
   * <p>If {@code expectedSize} is exactly the number of elements added to the builder before {@link
   * Builder#build} is called, the builder is likely to perform better than an unsized {@link
   * #builder()} would have.
   *
   * <p>It is not specified if any performance benefits apply if {@code expectedSize} is close to,
   * but not exactly, the number of elements added to the builder.
   *

     * <p>The online hash flooding detecting in RegularSetBuilderImpl.add can detect e.g. many
     * exactly matching hash codes, which would cause construction to take O(n^2), but can't detect
     * e.g. hash codes adversarially designed to go into ascending table locations, which keeps
     * construction O(n) (as desired) but then can have O(n) queries later.
     *
     * <p>If this returns false, then no query can take more than O(log n).
     *

 * create the memory pressure required to cause soft references to be cleared.
 *
 * <p>This class only provides testing utilities. It is not designed for direct use in production or
 * for benchmarking.
 *
 * @author mike nonemacher
 * @author Martin Buchholz
 * @since 11.0
 */
@GwtIncompatible
@J2ktIncompatible
@J2ObjCIncompatible // gc

    };
    int[] bases = {2, 5, 7, 8, 10, 16};
    for (int base : bases) {
      for (String x : tests) {
        BigInteger xValue = new BigInteger(x, 16);
        long xLong = xValue.longValue(); // signed
        assertThat(UnsignedLongs.toString(xLong, base)).isEqualTo(xValue.toString(base));
      }
    }
  }

  public void testJoin() {
    assertThat(UnsignedLongs.join(",")).isEmpty();

            .createTestSuite());

    suite.addTest(
        SetTestSuiteBuilder.using(new ImmutableSetUnsizedBuilderGenerator())
            .named(ImmutableSetTest.class.getName() + ", with unsized builder")
            .withFeatures(
                CollectionSize.ANY,
                CollectionFeature.KNOWN_ORDER,
                CollectionFeature.SERIALIZABLE,
                CollectionFeature.ALLOWS_NULL_QUERIES)

 *       <i>any</i> eight bits could be consistently used.
 *   <li><b>cryptographic:</b> certain hash functions such as {@link Hashing#sha512} are designed to
 *       make it as infeasible as possible to reverse-engineer the input that produced a given hash
 *       code, or even to discover <i>any</i> two distinct inputs that yield the same result. These

import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

@J2ktIncompatible
@GwtIncompatible
@ElementTypesAreNonnullByDefault
abstract class SmoothRateLimiter extends RateLimiter {
  /*
   * How is the RateLimiter designed, and why?
   *
   * The primary feature of a RateLimiter is its "stable rate", the maximum rate that it should
   * allow in normal conditions. This is enforced by "throttling" incoming requests as needed. For

        assertTrue(cancellationSuccess.get());
        // cancellation can interleave in 3 ways
        // 1. prior to setFuture
        // 2. after setFuture before set() on the future assigned
        // 3. after setFuture and set() are called but before the listener completes.
        if (!setFutureSetSuccess.get() || !setFutureCompletionSuccess.get()) {