from collections import deque
from dataclasses import dataclass
from datetime import datetime, timezone
from decimal import Decimal
from enum import Enum
from pathlib import PurePath, PurePosixPath, PureWindowsPath
from typing import Optional

import pytest
from fastapi._compat import PYDANTIC_V2, Undefined
from fastapi.encoders import jsonable_encoder
from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, ValidationError

    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries :: Python Modules",
    "Topic :: Software Development :: Libraries",
    "Topic :: Software Development",
    "Typing :: Typed",
    "Development Status :: 4 - Beta",
    "Environment :: Web Environment",
    "Framework :: AsyncIO",
    "Framework :: FastAPI",
    "Framework :: Pydantic",
    "Framework :: Pydantic :: 1",

from typing import Any, Callable

from starlette.background import BackgroundTasks as StarletteBackgroundTasks
from typing_extensions import Annotated, Doc, ParamSpec

P = ParamSpec("P")


class BackgroundTasks(StarletteBackgroundTasks):
    """
    A collection of background tasks that will be called after a response has been
    sent to the client.

    Read more about it in the

### typing의 `List` 임포트

먼저, 파이썬 표준 `typing` 모듈에서 `List`를 임포트합니다:

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../../docs_src/body_nested_models/tutorial002.py!}
```

### 타입 매개변수로 `List` 선언

`list`, `dict`, `tuple`과 같은 타입 매개변수(내부 타입)를 갖는 타입을 선언하려면:

* `typing` 모듈에서 임포트
* 대괄호를 사용하여 "타입 매개변수"로 내부 타입 전달: `[` 및 `]`

```Python
from typing import List

my_list: List[str]
```

    These functions are there (instead of just using the classes directly) so that your editor doesn't mark errors about their types.

from typing import List

from dirty_equals import IsDict
from fastapi import FastAPI, Query
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
def read_items(q: List[int] = Query(default=None)):
    return {"q": q}


client = TestClient(app)


def test_multi_query():
    response = client.get("/items/?q=5&q=6")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from typing import Union

import jwt
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI, HTTPException, status
from fastapi.security import OAuth2PasswordBearer, OAuth2PasswordRequestForm
from jwt.exceptions import InvalidTokenError
from passlib.context import CryptContext
from pydantic import BaseModel
from typing_extensions import Annotated

# to get a string like this run:
# openssl rand -hex 32

from typing import Optional

import pytest
from dirty_equals import HasRepr, IsDict, IsOneOf
from fastapi import Depends, FastAPI
from fastapi.exceptions import ResponseValidationError
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient

from .utils import needs_pydanticv2


@pytest.fixture(name="client")
def get_client():
    from pydantic import BaseModel, ValidationInfo, field_validator

    app = FastAPI()

    class ModelB(BaseModel):

Bu tipleri ve dahili tpileri bildirmek için standart Python modülünü "typing" kullanabilirsiniz.

Bu tür tip belirteçlerini desteklemek için özel olarak mevcuttur.

#### `List`

Örneğin `str` değerlerden oluşan bir `list` tanımlayalım.

From `typing`, import `List` (büyük harf olan `L` ile):

```Python hl_lines="1"
{!../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial006.py!}

from decimal import Decimal
from typing import List

from dirty_equals import IsDict, IsOneOf
from fastapi import FastAPI
from fastapi.testclient import TestClient
from pydantic import BaseModel, condecimal

app = FastAPI()


class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    age: condecimal(gt=Decimal(0.0))  # type: ignore


@app.post("/items/")
def save_item_no_body(item: List[Item]):
    return {"item": item}