Sebastián Ramírez <******@****.***> 1688749933 +0200

    new_field.default = field.default  # type: ignore[misc]
    new_field.required = field.required  # type: ignore[misc]
    new_field.model_config = field.model_config  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
    new_field.field_info = field.field_info
    new_field.allow_none = field.allow_none  # type: ignore[attr-defined]
    new_field.validate_always = field.validate_always  # type: ignore[attr-defined]

from pydantic import BaseConfig, BaseModel, ConfigDict
from pydantic.fields import FieldInfo

from .utils import needs_pydanticv1, needs_pydanticv2


@needs_pydanticv2
def test_model_field_default_required():
    # For coverage
    field_info = FieldInfo(annotation=str)
    field = ModelField(name="foo", field_info=field_info)
    assert field.default is Undefined


@needs_pydanticv1

    ```

The files and form fields will be uploaded as form data and you will receive the files and form fields.

And you can declare some of the files as `bytes` and some as `UploadFile`.

!!! warning

| `terms_of_service` | `str` | A URL to the Terms of Service for the API. If provided, this has to be a URL. |

```

その追加情報はそのまま出力され、JSON Schemaに追加されます。

## `Field`の追加引数

後述する`Field`、`Path`、`Query`、`Body`などでは、任意の引数を関数に渡すことでJSON Schemaの追加情報を宣言することもできます:

```Python hl_lines="4 10 11 12 13"
{!../../../docs_src/schema_extra_example/tutorial002.py!}
```

!!! warning "注意"
    これらの追加引数が渡されても、文書化のためのバリデーションは追加されず、注釈だけが追加されることを覚えておいてください。

## `Body`の追加引数

追加情報を`Field`に渡すのと同じように、`Path`、`Query`、`Body`などでも同じことができます。

    "python-multipart >=0.0.7",
    # For UJSONResponse
    "ujson >=4.0.1,!=4.0.2,!=4.1.0,!=4.2.0,!=4.3.0,!=5.0.0,!=5.1.0",
    # For ORJSONResponse
    "orjson >=3.2.1",
    # To validate email fields
    "email_validator >=2.0.0",
    # Uvicorn with uvloop
    "uvicorn[standard] >=0.12.0",
    # TODO: this should be part of some pydantic optional extra dependencies
    # # Settings management

    And your *path operation* has a little lock in the top-right corner that you can click.

And if you click it, you have a little authorization form to type a `username` and `password` (and other optional fields):

<img src="/img/tutorial/security/image02.png">

!!! note
    It doesn't matter what you type in the form, it won't work yet. But we'll get there.

    ```

For example, in one of the ways the OAuth2 specification can be used (called "password flow") it is required to send a `username` and `password` as form fields.

The <abbr title="specification">spec</abbr> requires the fields to be exactly named `username` and `password`, and to be sent as form fields, not JSON.

```

!!! tip
    Pydantic 是 FastAPI 中所有数据验证和序列化的核心，当你在没有设默认值的情况下使用 `Optional` 或 `Union[Something, None]` 时，它具有特殊行为，你可以在 Pydantic 文档中阅读有关<a href="https://docs.pydantic.dev/latest/concepts/models/#required-optional-fields" class="external-link" target="_blank">必需可选字段</a>的更多信息。

### 使用Pydantic中的`Required`代替省略号(`...`)

如果你觉得使用 `...` 不舒服，你也可以从 Pydantic 导入并使用 `Required`：

```Python hl_lines="2  8"