```

=== "Python 3.10+ non-Annotated"

    !!! tip
        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b_py310/main.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+ non-Annotated"

    !!! tip
        Prefer to use the `Annotated` version if possible.

    ```Python
    {!> ../../../docs_src/app_testing/app_b/main.py!}
    ```

```Python hl_lines="6-7"
{!../../../docs_src/path_params/tutorial001.py!}
```

The value of the path parameter `item_id` will be passed to your function as the argument `item_id`.

So, if you run this example and go to <a href="http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo" class="external-link" target="_blank">http://127.0.0.1:8000/items/foo</a>, you will see a response of:

```JSON
{"item_id":"foo"}
```

!!! info
    Keep in mind that dataclasses can't do everything Pydantic models can do.

    So, you might still need to use Pydantic models.

    But if you have a bunch of dataclasses laying around, this is a nice trick to use them to power a web API using FastAPI. 🤓

## Dataclasses in `response_model`

You can also use `dataclasses` in the `response_model` parameter:

async def get():
    return HTMLResponse(html)


async def get_cookie_or_token(
    websocket: WebSocket,
    session: Annotated[str | None, Cookie()] = None,
    token: Annotated[str | None, Query()] = None,
):
    if session is None and token is None:
        raise WebSocketException(code=status.WS_1008_POLICY_VIOLATION)
    return session or token


@app.websocket("/items/{item_id}/ws")
async def websocket_endpoint(
    *,

from fastapi import FastAPI, Path

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(q: str, item_id: int = Path(title="The ID of the item to get")):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/{item_id}")
async def read_items(
    q: str, item_id: Annotated[int, Path(title="The ID of the item to get")]
):
    results = {"item_id": item_id}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: str = Query(default="fixedquery", min_length=3)):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: str | None = Query(default=None, min_length=3, max_length=50)):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

from fastapi import FastAPI, Query

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(q: Annotated[str | None, Query(alias="item-query")] = None):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})

app = FastAPI()


@app.get("/items/")
async def read_items(
    q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3, max_length=50),
):
    results = {"items": [{"item_id": "Foo"}, {"item_id": "Bar"}]}
    if q:
        results.update({"q": q})