t.Errorf("name should be groupby, total should be 660, but got %+v", result)
	}

	var active bool
	if err := DB.Model(&User{}).Select("name, active, sum(age)").Where("name = ? and active = ?", "groupby", true).Group("name").Group("active").Row().Scan(&name, &active, &total); err != nil {
		t.Errorf("no error should happen, but got %v", err)
	}

	if name != "groupby" || active != true || total != 40 {

			}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` WHERE (`users`.`id` <> ? AND `age` <= ?) OR `name` <> ? AND (`score` <= ? OR `name` LIKE ?)",
			[]interface{}{"1", 18, "jinzhu", 100, "%linus%"},
		},
		{
			[]clause.Interface{clause.Select{}, clause.From{}, clause.Where{
				Exprs: []clause.Expression{clause.And(clause.Eq{Column: "age", Value: 18}, clause.Or(clause.Neq{Column: "name", Value: "jinzhu"}))},
			}},

		FieldF1 string `gorm:"uniqueIndex:uniq_field_f1_f2;index"` // mul uniqueIndex and index
		FieldF2 string `gorm:"uniqueIndex:uniq_field_f1_f2;"`

		FieldG string `gorm:"unique;uniqueIndex"` // unique and uniqueIndex

		FieldH1 string `gorm:"unique;uniqueIndex:uniq_field_h1_h2"` // unique and mul uniqueIndex
		FieldH2 string `gorm:"uniqueIndex:uniq_field_h1_h2"`        // unique and mul uniqueIndex
	}

			}, clause.GroupBy{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "gender"}},
				Having:  []clause.Expression{clause.Neq{"gender", "U"}},
			}},
			"SELECT * FROM `users` GROUP BY `role`,`gender` HAVING `role` = ? AND `gender` <> ?",
			[]interface{}{"admin", "U"},
		},
	}

	for idx, result := range results {
		t.Run(fmt.Sprintf("case #%v", idx), func(t *testing.T) {
			checkBuildClauses(t, result.Clauses, result.Result, result.Vars)

	// suppose the maxopen is 1, g1 is creating record and g2 is querying record.
	// 1. g1 begin tx, g1 is requeue because of waiting for the system call, now `db.ConnPool` db.numOpen == 1.
	// 2. g2 select lock `conn.PrepareContext(ctx, query)`, now db.numOpen == db.maxOpen , wait for release.
	// 3. g1 tx exec insert, wait for unlock `conn.PrepareContext(ctx, query)` to finish tx and release.
	stmt, err := conn.PrepareContext(ctx, query)

package schema

import (
	"fmt"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
)

type Index struct {
	Name    string
	Class   string // UNIQUE | FULLTEXT | SPATIAL
	Type    string // btree, hash, gist, spgist, gin, and brin
	Where   string
	Comment string
	Option  string        // WITH PARSER parser_name
	Fields  []IndexOption // Note: IndexOption's Field maybe the same
}

type IndexOption struct {
	*Field
	Expression string

	}

	if err := DB.Create(&data).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to create data, got error %v", err)
	}

	var result SerializerStruct
	if err := DB.Where("roles2 IS NULL AND roles3 = ?", "").First(&result, data.ID).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to query data, got error %v", err)
	}

	AssertEqual(t, result, data)

		t.Errorf("Error happened when append company to user, got %v", err)
	}

	if users[0].CompanyID == nil || users[1].CompanyID == nil || *users[0].CompanyID != *users[1].CompanyID {
		t.Errorf("user's company id should exists and equal, but its: %v, %v", users[0].CompanyID, users[1].CompanyID)
	}

	DB.Model(&users[0]).Association("Company").Delete(&company)
	AssertAssociationCount(t, users[0], "Company", 0, "After Delete")

		ExpectedVars: []interface{}{"jinzhu", "jinzhu2", "jinzhu"},
	}, {
		SQL:          "@@test AND name1 = @name1 AND name2 = @name2 AND name3 = @name1 @notexist",
		Vars:         []interface{}{sql.Named("name1", "jinzhu"), sql.Named("name2", "jinzhu2")},
		Result:       "@@test AND name1 = ? AND name2 = ? AND name3 = ? @notexist",
		ExpectedVars: []interface{}{"jinzhu", "jinzhu2", "jinzhu"},
	}, {

	}

	clause.Expression = where
}

func And(exprs ...Expression) Expression {
	if len(exprs) == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	if len(exprs) == 1 {
		if _, ok := exprs[0].(OrConditions); !ok {
			return exprs[0]
		}
	}

	return AndConditions{Exprs: exprs}
}

type AndConditions struct {
	Exprs []Expression
}

func (and AndConditions) Build(builder Builder) {