id: int
    name: str = "John Doe"
    signup_ts: Union[datetime, None] = None
    friends: List[int] = []


external_data = {
    "id": "123",
    "signup_ts": "2017-06-01 12:22",
    "friends": [1, "2", b"3"],
}
user = User(**external_data)
print(user)
# > User id=123 name='John Doe' signup_ts=datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 1, 12, 22) friends=[1, 2, 3]
print(user.id)

@needs_py310
def test_get_car(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/item1")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text
    assert response.json() == {
        "description": "All my friends drive a low rider",
        "type": "car",
    }


@needs_py310
def test_get_plane(client: TestClient):
    response = client.get("/items/item2")
    assert response.status_code == 200, response.text

Donc :

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None)
```

... rend le paramètre optionnel, et est donc équivalent à :

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

Mais déclare explicitement `q` comme étant un paramètre de requête.

!!! info

Vous pouvez générer un projet en 2 min environ.

## Réponse supplémentaire avec `model`

Vous pouvez ajouter à votre décorateur de *paramètre de chemin* un paramètre `responses`.

Il prend comme valeur un `dict` dont les clés sont des codes HTTP pour chaque réponse, comme `200`, et la valeur de ces clés sont d'autres `dict` avec des informations pour chacun d'eux.

**FastAPI** wouldn't exist if not for the previous work of others.

There have been many tools created before that have helped inspire its creation.

I have been avoiding the creation of a new framework for several years. First I tried to solve all the features covered by **FastAPI** using many different frameworks, plug-ins, and tools.

    id: int
    name: str = "John Doe"
    signup_ts: datetime | None = None
    friends: list[int] = []


external_data = {
    "id": "123",
    "signup_ts": "2017-06-01 12:22",
    "friends": [1, "2", b"3"],
}
user = User(**external_data)
print(user)
# > User id=123 name='John Doe' signup_ts=datetime.datetime(2017, 6, 1, 12, 22) friends=[1, 2, 3]
print(user.id)

Pour expliquer la différence, voici une histoire de burgers :

#### Burgers concurrents

Vous amenez votre crush 😍 dans votre fast food 🍔 favori, et faites la queue pendant que le serveur 💁 prend les commandes des personnes devant vous.

Puis vient votre tour, vous commandez alors 2 magnifiques burgers 🍔 pour votre crush 😍 et vous.

Vous payez 💸.

But then you have to call "that method that converts the first letter to upper case".

Was it `upper`? Was it `uppercase`? `first_uppercase`? `capitalize`?

Then, you try with the old programmer's friend, editor autocompletion.

You type the first parameter of the function, `first_name`, then a dot (`.`) and then hit `Ctrl+Space` to trigger the completion.

But, sadly, you get nothing useful:

After a week, the token will be expired and the user will not be authorized and will have to sign in again to get a new token. And if the user (or a third party) tried to modify the token to change the expiration, you would be able to discover it, because the signatures would not match.