AbstractGraphTest.validateGraph(graph);

      for (int i = numNodesToRemove; i < NUM_NODES; ++i) {
        assertThat(graph.removeNode(nodeList.get(i))).isTrue();
      }

      assertThat(graph.nodes()).isEmpty();
      assertThat(graph.edges()).isEmpty(); // no edges can remain if there's no nodes
      AbstractGraphTest.validateGraph(graph);

      Collections.shuffle(nodeList, gen);

      AbstractGraphTest.validateGraph(graph);

      for (int i = numNodesToRemove; i < NUM_NODES; ++i) {
        assertThat(graph.removeNode(nodeList.get(i))).isTrue();
      }

      assertThat(graph.nodes()).isEmpty();
      assertThat(graph.edges()).isEmpty(); // no edges can remain if there's no nodes
      AbstractGraphTest.validateGraph(graph);

      Collections.shuffle(nodeList, gen);

    Graph<Integer> transpose = transpose(directedGraph);
    assertThat(transpose).isEqualTo(expectedTranspose);
    assertThat(transpose(transpose)).isSameInstanceAs(directedGraph);
    AbstractGraphTest.validateGraph(transpose);

    for (Integer node : directedGraph.nodes()) {
      assertThat(directedGraph.inDegree(node)).isSameInstanceAs(transpose.outDegree(node));

    if (graph instanceof MutableGraph) {
      graphAsMutableGraph = (MutableGraph<Integer>) graph;
    }
  }

  @After
  public final void validateGraphState() {
    validateGraph(graph);
  }

  static <N> void validateGraph(Graph<N> graph) {
    assertStronglyEquivalent(graph, Graphs.copyOf(graph));
    assertStronglyEquivalent(graph, ImmutableGraph.copyOf(graph));

    String graphString = graph.toString();

    assertStronglyEquivalent(graph, Graphs.copyOf(graph));
    assertStronglyEquivalent(graph, ImmutableValueGraph.copyOf(graph));

    Graph<Integer> asGraph = graph.asGraph();
    AbstractGraphTest.validateGraph(asGraph);
    assertThat(graph.nodes()).isEqualTo(asGraph.nodes());
    assertThat(graph.edges()).isEqualTo(asGraph.edges());
    assertThat(graph.nodeOrder()).isEqualTo(asGraph.nodeOrder());

    String nodeString = networkString.substring(nodeStart, edgeStart);
    String edgeString = networkString.substring(edgeStart);

    Graph<N> asGraph = network.asGraph();
    AbstractGraphTest.validateGraph(asGraph);
    assertThat(network.nodes()).isEqualTo(asGraph.nodes());
    assertThat(network.edges().size()).isAtLeast(asGraph.edges().size());
    assertThat(network.nodeOrder()).isEqualTo(asGraph.nodeOrder());

    assertStronglyEquivalent(graph, Graphs.copyOf(graph));
    assertStronglyEquivalent(graph, ImmutableValueGraph.copyOf(graph));

    Graph<Integer> asGraph = graph.asGraph();
    AbstractGraphTest.validateGraph(asGraph);
    assertThat(graph.nodes()).isEqualTo(asGraph.nodes());
    assertThat(graph.edges()).isEqualTo(asGraph.edges());
    assertThat(graph.nodeOrder()).isEqualTo(asGraph.nodeOrder());