nestedAlias := utils.NestedRelationName(parentTableName, rel.Name)
							if _, ok := specifiedRelationsName[nestedAlias]; !ok {
								fromClause.Joins = append(fromClause.Joins, genJoinClause(join.JoinType, parentTableName, rel))
								specifiedRelationsName[nestedAlias] = nil
							}

							if parentTableName != clause.CurrentTable {
								parentTableName = utils.NestedRelationName(parentTableName, rel.Name)

package callbacks

import (
	"reflect"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

func SaveBeforeAssociations(create bool) func(db *gorm.DB) {
	return func(db *gorm.DB) {
		if db.Error == nil && db.Statement.Schema != nil {
			selectColumns, restricted := db.Statement.SelectAndOmitColumns(create, !create)

			// Save Belongs To associations

package gorm

import (
	"fmt"
	"regexp"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

// Model specify the model you would like to run db operations
//
//	// update all users's name to `hello`
//	db.Model(&User{}).Update("name", "hello")
//	// if user's primary key is non-blank, will use it as condition, then will only update that user's name to `hello`
//	db.Model(&user).Update("name", "hello")

package tests_test

import (
	"regexp"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestUpsert(t *testing.T) {
	lang := Language{Code: "upsert", Name: "Upsert"}
	if err := DB.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{DoNothing: true}).Create(&lang).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to upsert, got %v", err)
	}

	lang2 := Language{Code: "upsert", Name: "Upsert"}

package tests_test

import (
	"errors"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

type Product struct {
	gorm.Model
	Name                  string
	Code                  string
	Price                 float64
	AfterFindCallTimes    int64
	BeforeCreateCallTimes int64
	AfterCreateCallTimes  int64
	BeforeUpdateCallTimes int64
	AfterUpdateCallTimes  int64

package callbacks

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

// BeforeCreate before create hooks
func BeforeCreate(db *gorm.DB) {
	if db.Error == nil && db.Statement.Schema != nil && !db.Statement.SkipHooks && (db.Statement.Schema.BeforeSave || db.Statement.Schema.BeforeCreate) {
		callMethod(db, func(value interface{}, tx *gorm.DB) (called bool) {

package tests_test

import (
	"regexp"
	"sync"
	"testing"

	"gorm.io/driver/postgres"
	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

type UserWithTable struct {
	gorm.Model
	Name string
}

func (UserWithTable) TableName() string {
	return "gorm.user"
}

func TestTable(t *testing.T) {
	dryDB := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{DryRun: true})

package gorm

import (
	"database/sql"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/logger"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

// Create inserts value, returning the inserted data's primary key in value's id
func (db *DB) Create(value interface{}) (tx *DB) {
	if db.CreateBatchSize > 0 {
		return db.CreateInBatches(value, db.CreateBatchSize)
	}

	tx = db.getInstance()

		Readable:               true,
		PrimaryKey:             utils.CheckTruth(tagSetting["PRIMARYKEY"], tagSetting["PRIMARY_KEY"]),
		AutoIncrement:          utils.CheckTruth(tagSetting["AUTOINCREMENT"]),
		HasDefaultValue:        utils.CheckTruth(tagSetting["AUTOINCREMENT"]),
		NotNull:                utils.CheckTruth(tagSetting["NOT NULL"], tagSetting["NOTNULL"]),
		Unique:                 utils.CheckTruth(tagSetting["UNIQUE"]),

package tests_test

import (
	"errors"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strings"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestUpdate(t *testing.T) {
	var (
		users = []*User{
			GetUser("update-1", Config{}),
			GetUser("update-2", Config{}),
			GetUser("update-3", Config{}),
		}
		user          = users[1]
		lastUpdatedAt time.Time
	)