# Using the Request Directly

Up to now, you have been declaring the parts of the request that you need with their types.

Taking data from:

* The path as parameters.
* Headers.
* Cookies.
* etc.

And by doing so, **FastAPI** is validating that data, converting it and generating documentation for your API automatically.

But there are situations where you might need to access the `Request` object directly.

不过，仍可以验证、转换与注释（使用 Pydantic 模型的请求体等）其它正常声明的参数。

但在某些特定情况下，还是需要提取 `Request` 对象。

## 直接使用 `Request` 对象

假设要在*路径操作函数*中获取客户端 IP 地址和主机。

此时，需要直接访问请求。

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

把*路径操作函数*的参数类型声明为 `Request`，**FastAPI** 就能把 `Request` 传递到参数里。

!!! tip "提示"

    注意，本例除了声明请求参数之外，还声明了路径参数。

    因此，能够提取、验证路径参数、并转换为指定类型，还可以用 OpenAPI 注释。

Angenommen, Sie möchten auf die IP-Adresse/den Host des Clients in Ihrer *Pfadoperation-Funktion* zugreifen.

Dazu müssen Sie direkt auf den Request zugreifen.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

Durch die Deklaration eines *Pfadoperation-Funktionsparameters*, dessen Typ der `Request` ist, weiß **FastAPI**, dass es den `Request` diesem Parameter übergeben soll.

!!! tip "Tipp"

✋️ 📤 🎯 💼 🌐❔ ⚫️ ⚠ 🤚 `Request` 🎚.

## ⚙️ `Request` 🎚 🔗

➡️ 🌈 👆 💚 🤚 👩‍💻 📢 📢/🦠 🔘 👆 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢*.

👈 👆 💪 🔐 📨 🔗.

```Python hl_lines="1  7-8"
{!../../../docs_src/using_request_directly/tutorial001.py!}
```

📣 *➡ 🛠️ 🔢* 🔢 ⏮️ 🆎 ➖ `Request` **FastAPI** 🔜 💭 🚶‍♀️ `Request` 👈 🔢.

!!! tip
    🗒 👈 👉 💼, 👥 📣 ➡ 🔢 ⤴️ 📨 🔢.

    , ➡ 🔢 🔜 ⚗, ✔, 🗜 ✔ 🆎 & ✍ ⏮️ 🗄.

author: Sebastián Ramírez <******@****.***>
inputs:
  token:
    description: Token for the repo. Can be passed in using {{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
    required: true
  deploy_url:
    description: The deployment URL to comment in the PR
    required: true
runs:
  using: docker

But at some point, there was no other option than creating something that provided all these features, taking the best ideas from previous tools, and combining them in the best way possible, using language features that weren't even available before (Python 3.6+ type hints).

</blockquote>

# Async Tests

You have already seen how to test your **FastAPI** applications using the provided `TestClient`. Up to now, you have only seen how to write synchronous tests, without using `async` functions.

    This is not a limitation of **FastAPI**, it's part of the HTTP protocol.

## Optional File Upload

You can make a file optional by using standard type annotations and setting a default value of `None`:

=== "Python 3.10+"

    - 💾 [PostgreSQL](https://www.postgresql.org) as the SQL database.
- 🚀 [React](https://react.dev) for the frontend.
    - 💃 Using TypeScript, hooks, Vite, and other parts of a modern frontend stack.
    - 🎨 [Chakra UI](https://chakra-ui.com) for the frontend components.
    - 🤖 An automatically generated frontend client.
    - 🦇 Dark mode support.

    link: https://www.analyticsvidhya.com/blog/2021/06/deploying-ml-models-as-api-using-fastapi-and-heroku/
    title: Deploying ML Models as API Using FastAPI and Heroku
  - link: https://jarmos.netlify.app/posts/using-github-actions-to-deploy-a-fastapi-project-to-heroku/
    title: Using GitHub Actions to Deploy a FastAPI Project to Heroku
    author_link: https://jarmos.netlify.app/
    author: Somraj Saha