# Python Types Intro

Python has support for optional "type hints" (also called "type annotations").

These **"type hints"** or annotations are a special syntax that allow declaring the <abbr title="for example: str, int, float, bool">type</abbr> of a variable.

By declaring types for your variables, editors and tools can give you better support.

import kotlin.reflect.KClass
import kotlin.reflect.KType

internal fun SmartPrinter.printTypeWithShortNames(type: KType, shouldRenderFqName: (KType) -> Boolean = { false }) {
    fun typeConversion(type: KType): String {
        val nullableSuffix = if (type.isMarkedNullable) "?" else ""
        val simpleName = if (shouldRenderFqName(type)) {
            type.qualifiedName
        } else {
            type.simpleName
        }

    }

    override fun convertType(type: KType): KType {
        val first = type.arguments.getOrNull(0)?.type ?: return type
        val second = type.arguments.getOrNull(1)?.type ?: return type
        return Pair::class.createType(
            arguments = listOf(
                KTypeProjection(
                    variance = KVariance.INVARIANT,
                    type = mappingConversionFirst.convertType(first)

pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Ctim_ext int32
pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Dev uint64
pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Gen uint64
pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Ino uint64
pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Mtim_ext int32
pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Nlink uint64
pkg syscall (freebsd-386), type Stat_t struct, Padding0 int16

    assertThat(
      mergeAdjacentRanges(
        listOf(
          Mapping(0x0232, 0x0232, TYPE_MAPPED, "a".encodeUtf8()),
          Mapping(0x0233, 0x0233, TYPE_VALID, ByteString.EMPTY),
          Mapping(0x0234, 0x0236, TYPE_VALID, ByteString.EMPTY),
          Mapping(0x0237, 0x0239, TYPE_VALID, ByteString.EMPTY),
          Mapping(0x023a, 0x023a, TYPE_MAPPED, "b".encodeUtf8()),
        ),
      ),
    ).containsExactly(

          message.startsWith("System property ") -> Type.Setup
          message.startsWith("Reload ") -> Type.Setup
          message == "No session to resume." -> Type.Handshake
          message.startsWith("Consuming ") -> Type.Handshake
          message.startsWith("Produced ") -> Type.Handshake
          message.startsWith("Negotiated ") -> Type.Handshake
          message.startsWith("Found resumable session") -> Type.Handshake

  const val INITIAL_MAX_FRAME_SIZE = 0x4000 // 16384

  const val TYPE_DATA = 0x0
  const val TYPE_HEADERS = 0x1
  const val TYPE_PRIORITY = 0x2
  const val TYPE_RST_STREAM = 0x3
  const val TYPE_SETTINGS = 0x4
  const val TYPE_PUSH_PROMISE = 0x5
  const val TYPE_PING = 0x6
  const val TYPE_GOAWAY = 0x7
  const val TYPE_WINDOW_UPDATE = 0x8
  const val TYPE_CONTINUATION = 0x9

  const val FLAG_NONE = 0x0

import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.*
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.checker.NewCapturedType
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.checker.NewTypeVariableConstructor
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.checker.intersectWrappedTypes
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.error.ErrorType
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.error.ErrorTypeKind
import org.jetbrains.kotlin.types.error.ErrorUtils

# Вступ до типів Python

Python підтримує додаткові "підказки типу" ("type hints") (також звані "анотаціями типу" ("type annotations")).

Ці **"type hints"** є спеціальним синтаксисом, що дозволяє оголошувати <abbr title="наприклад: str, int, float, bool">тип</abbr> змінної.

За допомогою оголошення типів для ваших змінних, редактори та інструменти можуть надати вам кращу підтримку.

 */
internal object DnsRecordCodec {
  private const val SERVFAIL = 2
  private const val NXDOMAIN = 3
  const val TYPE_A = 0x0001
  const val TYPE_AAAA = 0x001c
  private const val TYPE_PTR = 0x000c
  private val ASCII = Charsets.US_ASCII

  fun encodeQuery(
    host: String,
    type: Int,
  ): ByteString =
    Buffer().apply {
      writeShort(0) // query id
      writeShort(256) // flags with recursion