assertFalse(result);
        verify(signingDigest, times(1)).verify(emptyData, offset, length, extraPad, message);
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Test sign method with large data array")
    void testSignWithLargeData() {
        // Arrange
        byte[] largeData = new byte[65536]; // 64KB
        for (int i = 0; i < largeData.length; i++) {
            largeData[i] = (byte) (i % 256);
        }