assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new PercentEscaper("-+#abc.!", false));
    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo(msg);
  }

  public void testBadArguments_plusforspace() {
    // space can be a safe char if plusForSpace is false
    PercentEscaper unused = new PercentEscaper(" ", false);

    // space cannot be a safe char is plusForSpace is true

        assertThrows(IllegalArgumentException.class, () -> new PercentEscaper("-+#abc.!", false));
    assertThat(expected).hasMessageThat().isEqualTo(msg);
  }

  public void testBadArguments_plusforspace() {
    // space can be a safe char if plusForSpace is false
    PercentEscaper unused = new PercentEscaper(" ", false);

    // space cannot be a safe char is plusForSpace is true