```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

    ```Python hl_lines="7"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001_py310.py!}
    ```

=== "Python 3.8+"

    ```Python hl_lines="9"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
    ```

Vamos utilizar essa aplicação como exemplo:

```Python hl_lines="9"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial001.py!}
```

O parâmetro de consulta `q` é do tipo `Union[str, None]`, o que significa que é do tipo `str` mas que também pode ser `None`, e de fato, o valor padrão é `None`, então o FastAPI saberá que não é obrigatório.

!!! note "Observação"

```Python hl_lines="7"
{!../../../docs_src/query_params_str_validations/tutorial005.py!}
```

!!! note
    具有默认值还会使该参数成为可选参数。

## 声明为必需参数

当我们不需要声明额外的校验或元数据时，只需不声明默认值就可以使 `q` 参数成为必需参数，例如：

```Python
q: str
```

代替：

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = None
```

但是现在我们正在用 `Query` 声明它，例如：

```Python
q: Union[str, None] = Query(default=None, min_length=3)
```

<div class="termy">

```console
$ python ./scripts/docs.py live

<span style="color: green;">[INFO]</span> Serving on http://127.0.0.1:8008
<span style="color: green;">[INFO]</span> Start watching changes
<span style="color: green;">[INFO]</span> Start detecting changes
```

</div>

Isso irá servir a documentação em `http://127.0.0.1:8008`.

async def read_items(
    item_id: UUID,
    start_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    end_datetime: datetime = Body(),
    process_after: timedelta = Body(),
    repeat_at: Union[time, None] = Body(default=None),
):
    start_process = start_datetime + process_after
    duration = end_datetime - start_process
    return {
        "item_id": item_id,
        "start_datetime": start_datetime,
        "end_datetime": end_datetime,

    item_id = "ff97dd87-a4a5-4a12-b412-cde99f33e00e"
    data = {
        "start_datetime": "2018-12-22T14:00:00+00:00",
        "end_datetime": "2018-12-24T15:00:00+00:00",
        "repeat_at": "15:30:00",
        "process_after": 300,
    }
    expected_response = data.copy()
    expected_response.update(
        {
            "start_process": "2018-12-22T14:05:00+00:00",
            "duration": 176_100,

                        "start_date": {
                            "type": "string",
                            "format": "date-time",
                            "title": "Start Date",
                        },
                    },
                    "type": "object",
                    "required": ["username", "monthly_fee", "start_date"],
                    "title": "Subscription",

                        "start_date": {
                            "type": "string",
                            "format": "date-time",
                            "title": "Start Date",
                        },
                    },
                    "type": "object",
                    "required": ["username", "monthly_fee", "start_date"],
                    "title": "Subscription",

        "servers": [
            {"url": "/api/v1"},
            {
                "url": IsOneOf(
                    "https://stag.example.com/",
                    # TODO: remove when deprecating Pydantic v1
                    "https://stag.example.com",
                ),
                "description": "Staging environment",
            },
            {
                "url": IsOneOf(