switch {
		case isSysErrNotDir(err):
			// File path cannot be verified since one of
			// the parents is a file.
			return errFileAccessDenied
		case isSysErrPathNotFound(err):
			// This is a special case should be handled only for
			// windows, because windows API does not return "not a
			// directory" error message. Handle this specifically
			// here.
			return errFileAccessDenied
		}
	}
	return err
}

	//	http://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/utilities/pax.html#tag_20_92_13_06
	FormatUSTAR

	// FormatPAX represents the PAX header format defined in POSIX.1-2001.
	//
	// PAX extends USTAR by writing a special file with Typeflag TypeXHeader
	// preceding the original header. This file contains a set of key-value
	// records, which are used to overcome USTAR's shortcomings, in addition to

		return
	case 1:
		target = &a[0]
	case 2:
		// Special 2-operand jumps.
		if p.arch.Family == sys.ARM64 && arch.IsARM64ADR(op) {
			// ADR label, R. Label is in From.
			target = &a[0]
			prog.To = a[1]
			targetAddr = &prog.From
		} else {
			target = &a[1]
			prog.From = a[0]
		}
	case 3:
		if p.arch.Family == sys.PPC64 {
			// Special 3-operand jumps.

	yamlOutput, err := yaml.Marshal(ms)
	return string(yamlOutput), err
}

// Formatting options for Message
var (
	colorPrefixes = map[diag.Level]string{
		diag.Info:    "",           // no special color for info messages
		diag.Warning: "\033[33m",   // yellow
		diag.Error:   "\033[1;31m", // bold red
	}
)

// render turns a Message instance into a string with an option of colored bash output

	listeners := make([]net.Listener, 0, len(serverAddrs))
	listenErrs = make([]error, len(serverAddrs))

	// Unix listener with special TCP options.
	listenCfg := net.ListenConfig{
		Control: setTCPParametersFn(opts),
	}

	for i, serverAddr := range serverAddrs {
		l, e := listenCfg.Listen(ctx, "tcp", serverAddr)
		if e != nil {

		return make([]grpc.DialOption, 0), nil
	}
	// Use bearer token
	aud := tokenAudiences
	isMCP := strings.HasSuffix(opts.Xds, ".googleapis.com") || strings.HasSuffix(opts.Xds, ".googleapis.com:443")
	if isMCP {
		// Special credentials handling when using ASM Managed Control Plane.
		mem, err := getHubMembership(ctx, kubeClient)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to query Hub membership: %w", err)
		}

//	slice = append(slice, anotherSlice...)
//
// As a special case, it is legal to append a string to a byte slice, like this:
//
//	slice = append([]byte("hello "), "world"...)
func append(slice []Type, elems ...Type) []Type

// The copy built-in function copies elements from a source slice into a
// destination slice. (As a special case, it also will copy bytes from a

// ObjectToPartOffset - translate offset of an object to offset of its individual part.
func (fi FileInfo) ObjectToPartOffset(ctx context.Context, offset int64) (partIndex int, partOffset int64, err error) {
	if offset == 0 {
		// Special case - if offset is 0, then partIndex and partOffset are always 0.
		return 0, 0, nil
	}
	partOffset = offset
	// Seek until object offset maps to a particular part offset.
	for i, part := range fi.Parts {

      --log_target: The set of paths where to output the log. This can be any path as well as the special values stdout and stderr
`

func TestLogHelp(t *testing.T) {
	var out bytes.Buffer
	rootCmd := GetRootCmd([]string{"options"})
	rootCmd.SetOut(&out)
	rootCmd.SetErr(&out)

	fErr := rootCmd.Execute()

			Optional:    true,
			Type:        "duration",
		},
		config.HelpKV{
			Key:         apiODirect,
			Description: "set to enable or disable O_DIRECT for writes under special conditions. NOTE: do not disable O_DIRECT without prior testing" + defaultHelpPostfix(apiODirect),
			Optional:    true,
			Type:        "boolean",
		},
		config.HelpKV{
			Key:         apiRootAccess,