if c.after == "*" && len(sorted) > 0 {
				if curIdx := getRIndex(sorted, c.name); curIdx == -1 {
					sorted = append(sorted, c.name)
				}
			} else if sortedIdx := getRIndex(sorted, c.after); sortedIdx != -1 {
				if curIdx := getRIndex(sorted, c.name); curIdx == -1 {
					// if after callback sorted, append current callback to last
					sorted = append(sorted, c.name)
				} else if curIdx < sortedIdx {

			str = opt.Expression
		} else if opt.Length > 0 {
			str += fmt.Sprintf("(%d)", opt.Length)
		}

		if opt.Collate != "" {
			str += " COLLATE " + opt.Collate
		}

		if opt.Sort != "" {
			str += " " + opt.Sort
		}
		results = append(results, clause.Expr{SQL: str})
	}
	return
}

// BuildIndexOptionsInterface build index options interface
type BuildIndexOptionsInterface interface {

		if len(user.Pets) != len(expect.Pets) {
			t.Fatalf("pets should equal, expect: %v, got %v", len(expect.Pets), len(user.Pets))
		}

		sort.Slice(user.Pets, func(i, j int) bool {
			return user.Pets[i].ID > user.Pets[j].ID
		})

		sort.Slice(expect.Pets, func(i, j int) bool {
			return expect.Pets[i].ID > expect.Pets[j].ID
		})

		for idx, pet := range user.Pets {

					Where:   settings["WHERE"],
					Comment: settings["COMMENT"],
					Option:  settings["OPTION"],
					Fields: []IndexOption{{
						Field:      field,
						Expression: settings["EXPRESSION"],
						Sort:       settings["SORT"],
						Collate:    settings["COLLATE"],
						Length:     length,
						priority:   priority,
					}},
				})
			}
		}
	}

	err = nil
	return

	result.Friends = append(user.Friends, result.Friends...)

	sort.Slice(result.Pets, func(i, j int) bool {
		return result.Pets[i].ID < result.Pets[j].ID
	})
	sort.Slice(result.Team, func(i, j int) bool {
		return result.Team[i].ID < result.Team[j].ID
	})
	sort.Slice(result.Friends, func(i, j int) bool {
		return result.Friends[i].ID < result.Friends[j].ID
	})
	sort.Slice(result2.Pets, func(i, j int) bool {

	"testing"

	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

type UserIndex struct {
	Name         string `gorm:"index"`
	Name2        string `gorm:"index:idx_name,unique"`
	Name3        string `gorm:"index:,sort:desc,collate:utf8,type:btree,length:10,where:name3 != 'jinzhu'"`
	Name4        string `gorm:"uniqueIndex"`
	Name5        int64  `gorm:"index:,class:FULLTEXT,comment:hello \\, world,where:age > 10"`

package tests_test

import (
	"context"
	"encoding/json"
	"regexp"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	. "gorm.io/gorm/utils/tests"
)

func TestPreloadWithAssociations(t *testing.T) {
	user := *GetUser("preload_with_associations", Config{
		Account:   true,
		Pets:      2,
		Toys:      3,
		Company:   true,
		Manager:   true,
		Team:      4,

package callbacks

import (
	"reflect"
	"sort"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

func SetupUpdateReflectValue(db *gorm.DB) {
	if db.Error == nil && db.Statement.Schema != nil {
		if !db.Statement.ReflectValue.CanAddr() || db.Statement.Model != db.Statement.Dest {
			db.Statement.ReflectValue = reflect.ValueOf(db.Statement.Model)

package callbacks

import (
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"sort"
	"strings"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
	"gorm.io/gorm/utils"
)

// parsePreloadMap extracts nested preloads. e.g.
//
//	// schema has a "k0" relation and a "k7.k8" embedded relation
//	parsePreloadMap(schema, map[string][]interface{}{
//		clause.Associations: {"arg1"},
//		"k1":                {"arg2"},

			for i := range v {
				keys = append(keys, i)
			}
			sort.Strings(keys)

			for _, key := range keys {
				conds = append(conds, clause.Eq{Column: key, Value: v[key]})
			}
		case map[string]interface{}:
			keys := make([]string, 0, len(v))
			for i := range v {
				keys = append(keys, i)
			}
			sort.Strings(keys)

			for _, key := range keys {