* It takes each **request** that comes to your application.
* It can then do something to that **request** or run any needed code.
* Then it passes the **request** to be processed by the rest of the application (by some *path operation*).
* It then takes the **response** generated by the application (by some *path operation*).
* It can do something to that **response** or run any needed code.
* Then it returns the **response**.

!!! info "`@decorator` Info"
    That `@something` syntax in Python is called a "decorator".

    You put it on top of a function. Like a pretty decorative hat (I guess that's where the term came from).

    A "decorator" takes the function below and does something with it.

Most of these ideas would be more or less **independent**, and in most cases you should only need to study them if they apply directly to **your project**.

If something seems interesting and useful to your project, go ahead and check it, but otherwise, you might probably just skip them.

!!! tip

    "servers": [
        {
            "url": "/api/v1"
        }
    ],
    "paths": {
            // More stuff here
    }
}
```

In this example, the "Proxy" could be something like **Traefik**. And the server would be something like FastAPI CLI with **Uvicorn**, running your FastAPI application.

### Providing the `root_path`

To achieve this, you can use the command line option `--root-path` like:

<div class="termy">

But at some point, there was no other option than creating something that provided all these features, taking the best ideas from previous tools, and combining them in the best way possible, using language features that weren't even available before (Python 3.6+ type hints).

## Previous tools

В Python "**вызываемый**" - это все, что Python может "вызвать", как функцию.

Так, если у вас есть объект `something` (который может _не_ быть функцией) и вы можете "вызвать" его (выполнить) как:

```Python
something()
```

или

```Python
something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo")
```

в таком случае он является "вызываемым".

## Классы как зависимости

`Optional[Something]` насправді є скороченням для `Union[Something, None]`, вони еквівалентні.

Це також означає, що в Python 3.10 ви можете використовувати `Something | None`:

=== "Python 3.8 і вище"

    ```Python hl_lines="1  4"
    {!> ../../../docs_src/python_types/tutorial009.py!}
    ```

...but continue reading below to see how to overcome that.

## Return Type and Data Filtering

Let's continue from the previous example. We wanted to **annotate the function with one type** but return something that includes **more data**.

We want FastAPI to keep **filtering** the data using the response model.

We also saw that HTTPS is normally provided by a component **external** to your application server, a **TLS Termination Proxy**.

And there has to be something in charge of **renewing the HTTPS certificates**, it could be the same component or it could be something different.

### Example Tools for HTTPS

Some of the tools you could use as a TLS Termination Proxy are:

* Traefik

아마도 더 일반적이기는 하겠지만 의존성을 선언하는 유일한 방법은 아닙니다.

핵심 요소는 의존성이 "호출 가능"해야 한다는 것입니다

파이썬에서의 "**호출 가능**"은 파이썬이 함수처럼 "호출"할 수 있는 모든 것입니다.

따라서, 만약 당신이 `something`(함수가 아닐 수도 있음) 객체를 가지고 있고,

```Python
something()
```

또는

```Python
something(some_argument, some_keyword_argument="foo")
```

상기와 같은 방식으로 "호출(실행)" 할 수 있다면 "호출 가능"이 됩니다.

## 의존성으로서의 클래스