@Override
    public int compare(@CheckForNull Object left, @CheckForNull Object right) {
      if (left == right) {
        return 0;
      } else if (left == null) {
        return -1;
      } else if (right == null) {
        return 1;
      }
      int leftCode = identityHashCode(left);
      int rightCode = identityHashCode(right);
      if (leftCode != rightCode) {
        return leftCode < rightCode ? -1 : 1;

    @ParametricNullness private final V right;

    static <V extends @Nullable Object> ValueDifference<V> create(
        @ParametricNullness V left, @ParametricNullness V right) {
      return new ValueDifferenceImpl<>(left, right);
    }

    private ValueDifferenceImpl(@ParametricNullness V left, @ParametricNullness V right) {
      this.left = left;
      this.right = right;
    }

    @Override

   * Objects.equals(o, element)} would return {@code true}. Otherwise returns {@code false}, even in
   * cases where {@link Collection#contains} might throw {@link NullPointerException} or {@link
   * ClassCastException}.
   */
  // <? extends @Nullable Object> instead of <?> because of Kotlin b/189937072, discussed in Joiner.
  public static boolean contains(