buf        []byte          // Holds bit-rot verified data
}

func (b *wholeBitrotReader) ReadAt(buf []byte, offset int64) (n int, err error) {
	if b.buf == nil {
		b.buf = make([]byte, b.tillOffset-offset)
		if _, err := b.disk.ReadFile(context.TODO(), b.volume, b.filePath, offset, b.buf, b.verifier); err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
	}

func (d *naughtyDisk) ReadFile(ctx context.Context, volume string, path string, offset int64, buf []byte, verifier *BitrotVerifier) (n int64, err error) {
	if err := d.calcError(); err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}
	return d.disk.ReadFile(ctx, volume, path, offset, buf, verifier)
}

func (d *naughtyDisk) ReadFileStream(ctx context.Context, volume, path string, offset, length int64) (io.ReadCloser, error) {
	if err := d.calcError(); err != nil {

		}
		o, l, err := rs.GetOffsetLength(resourceSize)
		if err != nil {
			t.Errorf("unexpected err: %v", err)
		}
		if o != testCase.expOffset || l != testCase.expLength {
			t.Errorf("Case %d: got bad offset/length: %d,%d expected: %d,%d",
				i, o, l, testCase.expOffset, testCase.expLength)
		}
	}

	unparsableRangeSpecs := []string{
		"bytes=-",
		"bytes==",
		"bytes==1-10",
		"bytes=",
		"bytes=aa",

}

// DecryptSinglePart decrypts an io.Writer which must an object
// uploaded with the single-part PUT API. The offset and length
// specify the requested range.
func DecryptSinglePart(w io.Writer, offset, length int64, key ObjectKey) io.WriteCloser {
	const PayloadSize = 1 << 16 // DARE 2.0
	w = ioutil.LimitedWriter(w, offset%PayloadSize, length)

	decWriter, err := sio.DecryptWriter(w, sio.Config{Key: key[:], CipherSuites: fips.DARECiphers()})

	for _, block := range enBlocks[:dataBlocks] {
		// Skip blocks until we have reached our offset.
		if offset >= int64(len(block)) {
			// Decrement offset.
			offset -= int64(len(block))
			continue
		}

		// Skip until offset.
		block = block[offset:]

		// Reset the offset for next iteration to read everything
		// from subsequent blocks.
		offset = 0

		// We have written all the blocks, write the last remaining block.

  - By default, `<IS_HOST>` is localhost. However, if using a public IP, the respective IP address or domain needs to be specified.
  - By default, `<IS_HTTPS_PORT>` has been set to 9443. However, if the port offset has been incremented by n, the default port value needs to be incremented by n.

Request

```

		if left < shardSize {
			shardSize = left
		}

		read, err := io.CopyBuffer(h, io.LimitReader(r, shardSize), *bufp)
		if err != nil {
			// Read's failed for object with right size, at different offsets.
			return errFileCorrupt
		}

		left -= read
		if !bytes.Equal(h.Sum(nil), hashBuf[:n]) {
			return errFileCorrupt
		}
	}
	return nil
}

	}
}

// Parses x-amz-copy-source-range for CopyObjectPart API. Its behavior
// is different from regular HTTP range header. It only supports the
// form `bytes=first-last` where first and last are zero-based byte
// offsets. See
// http://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/mpUploadUploadPartCopy.html
// for full details. This function treats an empty rangeString as
// referring to the whole resource.

		// Error if offset is size.
		{(1 + 2 + 4 + 5 + 7) + (5 * humanize.MiByte), 0, 0, InvalidRange{}},
	}

	// Test them.
	for _, testCase := range testCases {
		index, offset, err := fi.ObjectToPartOffset(context.Background(), testCase.offset)
		if err != testCase.expectedErr {
			t.Fatalf("%+v: expected = %s, got: %s", testCase, testCase.expectedErr, err)
		}
		if index != testCase.expectedIndex {

// Case 2: bytes=1-10 (absolute start and end offsets) -> RangeSpec{false, 1, 10}
// Case 3: bytes=10- (absolute start offset with end offset unspecified) -> RangeSpec{false, 10, -1}
// Case 4: bytes=-30 (suffix length specification) -> RangeSpec{true, -30, -1}
type HTTPRangeSpec struct {
	// Does the range spec refer to a suffix of the object?
	IsSuffixLength bool

	// Start and end offset specified in range spec
	Start, End int64
}