t.Fatalf("failed to create data from map, got error: %v", err)
	}

	var result1 User
	if err := DB.Where("name = ?", "create_from_map_1").First(&result1).Error; err != nil || result1.Age != 18 {
		t.Fatalf("failed to create from map, got error %v", err)
	}

	datas := []map[string]interface{}{
		{"Name": "create_from_map_2", "Age": 19},

		name   string
		input  map[string]interface{}
		expect clause.Values
	}{
		{
			name: "Test convert string value",
			input: map[string]interface{}{
				"name": "my name",
			},
			expect: clause.Values{
				Columns: []clause.Column{{Name: "name"}},
				Values:  [][]interface{}{{"my name"}},
			},
		},
		{
			name: "Test convert int value",
			input: map[string]interface{}{
				"age": 18,
			},

		}
		Toys []Toy `gorm:"polymorphic:Owner;"`
	}

	s, err := schema.Parse(&User{}, &sync.Map{}, schema.NamingStrategy{})
	if err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("Failed to parse schema, got error %v", err)
	}

	checkEmbeddedRelations(t, s.Relationships.EmbeddedRelations, map[string]EmbeddedRelations{
		"Cat": {
			Relations: map[string]Relation{
				"Toy": {
					Name:        "Toy",
					Type:        schema.HasOne,

	switch dest := db.Statement.Dest.(type) {
	case map[string]interface{}, *map[string]interface{}:
		if initialized || rows.Next() {
			columnTypes, _ := rows.ColumnTypes()
			prepareValues(values, db, columnTypes, columns)

			db.RowsAffected++
			db.AddError(rows.Scan(values...))

			mapValue, ok := dest.(map[string]interface{})
			if !ok {
				if v, ok := dest.(*map[string]interface{}); ok {
					if *v == nil {

}

// ParseCheckConstraints parse schema check constraints
func (schema *Schema) ParseCheckConstraints() map[string]CheckConstraint {
	checks := map[string]CheckConstraint{}
	for _, field := range schema.FieldsByDBName {
		if chk := field.TagSettings["CHECK"]; chk != "" {
			names := strings.Split(chk, ",")

)

func initializeCallbacks(db *DB) *callbacks {
	return &callbacks{
		processors: map[string]*processor{
			"create": {db: db},
			"query":  {db: db},
			"update": {db: db},
			"delete": {db: db},
			"row":    {db: db},
			"raw":    {db: db},
		},
	}
}

// callbacks gorm callbacks manager
type callbacks struct {
	processors map[string]*processor
}

type processor struct {
	db        *DB
	Clauses   []string

package schema

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"database/sql"
	"database/sql/driver"
	"encoding/gob"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"reflect"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"
)

var serializerMap = sync.Map{}

// RegisterSerializer register serializer
func RegisterSerializer(name string, serializer SerializerInterface) {
	serializerMap.Store(strings.ToLower(name), serializer)
}

// GetSerializer get serializer

		}
	})
}

type EmbeddedRelations struct {
	Relations         map[string]Relation
	EmbeddedRelations map[string]EmbeddedRelations
}

func checkEmbeddedRelations(t *testing.T, actual map[string]*schema.Relationships, expected map[string]EmbeddedRelations) {
	for name, relations := range actual {
		rs := expected[name]

package callbacks

import (
	"reflect"
	"sync"
	"testing"
	"time"

	"gorm.io/gorm"
	"gorm.io/gorm/clause"
	"gorm.io/gorm/schema"
)

var schemaCache = &sync.Map{}

func TestConvertToCreateValues_DestType_Slice(t *testing.T) {
	type user struct {
		ID    int `gorm:"primaryKey"`
		Name  string
		Email string `gorm:"default:(-)"`
		Age   int    `gorm:"default:(-)"`
	}

	var (
		idx              int
		inName           bool
		afterParenthesis bool
		namedMap         = make(map[string]interface{}, len(expr.Vars))
	)

	for _, v := range expr.Vars {
		switch value := v.(type) {
		case sql.NamedArg:
			namedMap[value.Name] = value.Value
		case map[string]interface{}:
			for k, v := range value {
				namedMap[k] = v
			}
		default: