values[idx] = reflect.New(reflect.PtrTo(field.FieldType)).Interface()
				continue
			}
			values[idx] = new(interface{})
		}
	} else if len(columnTypes) > 0 {
		for idx, columnType := range columnTypes {
			if columnType.ScanType() != nil {
				values[idx] = reflect.New(reflect.PtrTo(columnType.ScanType())).Interface()
			} else {
				values[idx] = new(interface{})
			}
		}
	} else {

	user := User{Name: "CreateUserTimestampOverride"}
	curTime := now.MustParse("2016-01-01")

	NEW := DB.Session(&gorm.Session{
		NowFunc: func() time.Time {
			return curTime
		},
	})

	NEW.Save(&user)

	AssertEqual(t, user.CreatedAt, curTime)
	AssertEqual(t, user.UpdatedAt, curTime)

	var newUser User
	NEW.First(&newUser, user.ID)

	AssertEqual(t, newUser.CreatedAt, curTime)

	}

	if createdByRel, ok := userSchema.Relationships.Relations["CreatedBy"]; ok {
		if createdByRel.FieldSchema != userSchema {
			t.Fatalf("expects same field schema, but got new %p, old %p", createdByRel.FieldSchema, userSchema)
		}
	} else {
		t.Fatalf("expects created by relations, but not found")
	}
}

func TestEmbeddedHas(t *testing.T) {
	type Toy struct {
		ID        int

}

func (s *Product) BeforeCreate(tx *gorm.DB) (err error) {
	if s.Code == "Invalid" {
		err = errors.New("invalid product")
	}
	s.BeforeCreateCallTimes = s.BeforeCreateCallTimes + 1
	return
}

func (s *Product) BeforeUpdate(tx *gorm.DB) (err error) {
	if s.Code == "dont_update" {
		err = errors.New("can't update")
	}
	s.BeforeUpdateCallTimes = s.BeforeUpdateCallTimes + 1
	return
}

						if !beDependedOn[rel.FieldSchema] {
							dep.Depends = append(dep.Depends, rel.FieldSchema)
						} else {
							fieldValue := reflect.New(rel.FieldSchema.ModelType).Interface()
							parseDependence(fieldValue, autoAdd)
						}
						parseDependence(joinValue, autoAdd)
					}(rel, reflect.New(rel.JoinTable.ModelType).Interface())
				}
			}
		}

		valuesMap[dep.Schema.Table] = dep

		if addToList {

	}

	lang3 := Language{Code: "upsert", Name: "Upsert"}
	if err := DB.Clauses(clause.OnConflict{
		Columns:   []clause.Column{{Name: "code"}},
		DoUpdates: clause.Assignments(map[string]interface{}{"name": "upsert-new"}),
	}).Create(&lang3).Error; err != nil {
		t.Fatalf("failed to upsert, got %v", err)
	}

	if err := DB.Find(&langs, "code = ?", lang.Code).Error; err != nil {

	)

	DB.Migrator().DropTable(&Level3{}, &Level2{}, &Level1{}, &Level4{})

	if err := DB.AutoMigrate(new(Level4), new(Level3), new(Level2), new(Level1)); err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	want := new(Level1)
	if err := DB.Save(want).Error; err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

	got := new(Level1)
	err := DB.Preload("Level2.Level3s.Level4").Last(&got).Error
	if err != nil {
		t.Error(err)
	}

					db.assignInterfacesToValue(exprs)
				}
				return
			}
		}
	}
}

// FirstOrInit finds the first matching record, otherwise if not found initializes a new instance with given conds.
// Each conds must be a struct or map.
//
// FirstOrInit never modifies the database. It is often used with Assign and Attrs.
//
//	// assign an email if the record is not found

				joins := reflect.MakeSlice(reflect.SliceOf(reflect.PtrTo(rel.JoinTable.ModelType)), 0, 10)
				objs := []reflect.Value{}

				appendToJoins := func(obj reflect.Value, elem reflect.Value) {
					joinValue := reflect.New(rel.JoinTable.ModelType)
					for _, ref := range rel.References {
						if ref.OwnPrimaryKey {
							fv, _ := ref.PrimaryKey.ValueOf(db.Statement.Context, obj)

	if b, ok := value.([]byte); ok {
		if len(b) < 3 || b[0] != '*' || b[1] != '*' || b[2] != '*' {
			return errors.New("Too short")
		}

		*data = append((*data)[0:], b[3:]...)
		return nil
	} else if s, ok := value.(string); ok {
		*data = []byte(s[3:])
		return nil
	}

	return errors.New("Bytes expected")
}

func (data EncryptedData) Value() (driver.Value, error) {
	if len(data) > 0 && data[0] == 'x' {